Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil Essay

Aim To investigate the substances given off at different temperatures from peeled oil (petroleum) mixture.Apparatus* Fractional Distillation glasswork and thermometer* Clamp stand x 2* Conical flask* yield of cold water* natural rubber supplys x 2* Test tube rack* Small glass evidence tubes x 5* Rubber stopper x 5* Evaporating landmark* Micro Bunsen Burner and workbench mat* Wooden Splint* Stopwatch* Boiling st adepts* Crude oil colour supplyMethod1. Set up the clamps stands and the fractionating glassw ar as shown in the diagram.2. Connect the rubber tubes to the twain open tubes of the condenser.3. Connect the early(a) overthrow of the rubber tubing to a water tap and let the other one flow into a toilet. Turn on the tap.4. Place two change state stones into the conical flask and then pour in the crude oil into the flask. Place the flask right above the micro-burner as shown in the diagram.5. Heat the crude oil mixture slowly. Record at which temperature one of the co mpounds in the mixture evaporate, and then collect it in the small test tube after it passes through the condenser.6. Repeat step 5 until upper limit temperature has been reached and/or no more compounds evaporate.7. Test the compounds which were collected. Light them in an evaporating basin and record the time it takes to run out.ResultsData Table of Results of Hydrocarbons testedHydrocarbon sharpenBoiling Point Range (C)ColourviscosityPentane36 40 paleVery Low ViscosityHexane66 69ColourlessLow ViscosityHeptane90 94Very slightly duskyViscous liquidcoal oil (Paraffin) 250Brownish blackHigh ViscosityConclusionThese results prove to us that branchly, crude oil being a mixture of several hydrocarbons, that the mixture provided was a simulation. Secondly, there are evident trends in the hydrocarbons. As the molecules gets heavier and heavier, by which I mean that we go from pentane to Hexane and so on, the viscosity of the compound increases, as well as the time interpreted for it to burn up completely. The boiling point overly increases.These hydrocarbons belong to the first organic homologous series Alkanes. Alkane molecules are completely pure and each carbon mite has at least 2 total rouse atoms attached to it. Apart from the two end carbon atoms, the other ones are attached to two other carbon atoms each. A covalent nonplus between a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom is strong, and a bond between two carbon atoms is also strong. It and so takes a lot of energy to overcome this bond, and hence a high(prenominal) temperature and more time is needed to break these compounds apart. The more carbon atoms an paraffin series possesses, the more energy is needed to break it apart. This explains the increasing boiling points, and is also one of the main reasons why hydrocarbons are used as fuels.Kerosene was the only one of the four hydrocarbons which could not be heat up to its boiling point and hence the temperature recorded is the one that was given to us. It did, however, last the eight-day when it was burned. Therefore that result coincides with the one that was given to us. Its other properties which could be support have given us further proof of the fact that its temperature is higher than the other hydrocarbons.Also related to the viscosity, the weight of each hydrocarbon also increase as the viscosity increased. By the time kerosene was being handled, a really wide margin of difference could be felt from pentane. valuationWeaknessImprovement1The equipment available was not enough to jog the boiling point of KeroseneGet a macro burner and heat the kerosene to its boiling point2The difference in viscosity between the first two hydrocarbons was hard to tellMeasure the stabilize of the two compounds and record the difference3The evaporating basin in which the hydrocarbons were heated was the same all throughoutUse a different evaporating basin for each compounds so that the heat from the previous test does not alter th e next test4The main mixture provided to us was not actual crude oil, simply a simulated substituteTo earn all of the compounds found in crude oil use a mixture which contains all of them kind of obvious