A Valediction Forbidding Mourning Lyric Poem free essay sample

The title of this lyric poem is ‘ A valediction forbidding mourning’ written by John Donne in the first person point of view. The speaker is a man and most likely a saint who would not participate in acts that are profane. A valediction is a farewell message. As seen in the title, forbids his wife from sorrowing over their separation, the poet decides to present reasons why his embassy to France will not occasion grief or anxiety. He accomplishes this through a series of conceits similes and strikingly unusual metaphors. Donne is a metaphysical poet who uses metaphoric conceit in his poems by comparing two incredibly unlike things such as love and demeanors. Death is used as a metaphor in the departure of his wife. First, he compares his separation from his wife to the separation of a mans soul from his body when he dies (first stanza). The body represents physical love; the soul represents spiritual or intellectual love. We will write a custom essay sample on A Valediction Forbidding Mourning: Lyric Poem or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While Donne and his wife are apart, they cannot express physical love; thus, they are like the body of a dead being.. However, Donne says, they remain united spiritually because their souls are one. So, Donne continues, he and his wife should let their physical bond melt when they part (line 5). He follows that metaphor with others, saying they should not cry sentimental tear-floods or indulge in sigh-tempests (line 6) when they say farewell. Such base sentimentality would cheapen their relationship. He also compares himself and his wife to celestial spheres, for their love is so profound that it exists in a higher plane than the love of husbands and wives whose relationship centers solely on physical pleasures where they require to remain together, physically Finally, Donne compares his relationship with his wife to that of the two legs of a drawing compass. Although the legs are separate components of the compass, they are both part of the same object. If the outer leg traces a circle, the inner leg–though its point is fixed at the center–must pivot in the direction of the outer leg. Thus, Donne says, though he and his wife are separated, like the legs of the compass, they remain united because they are part of the same soul. The first two quatrains can be misleading since they discuss the way virtuous men die. However, the deaths referred to are a figurative element of a simile and not a literal reference to the poets death. Donnes message is Let our parting from each other be as quiet and imperceptible as the departure of the souls from the bodies of the virtuous, for whom heavenly bliss is expected and deserved. His prohibition against tear-floods and sigh-tempests refers to Donnes earlier poem Of Weeping, where we find Till thy tears mixed with mine do overflow/ This world. . .. And further on Since thou and I sigh one anothers breath/ Whoer sighs most, is cruelest, and hastes the others death. Hyperbole was a hallmark of poetry of the courtly love tradition. Donne is poking fun at the idea that one could shed tears sufficient to cause a flood or sigh so deeply that the atmospheric disturbance would cause a storm or hurricane. The second quatrains conclusion T’were profanation of our joys/ To tell the laity our love makes a distinction between true lovers who are ordained membe rs of a priesthood and ordinary lovers who are members of the congregation (laity) and not of the clergy. His term profanation means granting admittance of the unworthy into the shrine reserved for priests and priestesses of love. Assonance of short u sounds in each word of the first line of the forth stanza reinforces the concept of stupidity (dullness) of earthly lovers whose amorous attachments depend on physical sensation. This culminates in the brilliant pun on absence, which means not just being elsewhere but lacking the fleshly propinquity and sentience of eyes, lips, and hands mentioned in the subsequent quatrain. The love of the laity is dependent upon things, or body parts. Such love is rudimentary, basic, and carnal. But we by a love so much refined,/That ourselves know not what it is,/ Inter-assured of the mind/ Care less, eyes, lips and hands to miss. The poem concludes with the employment of two conceits or super-ingenious metaphors. The departure of the poet is not a breach or separation but an expansion, Like gold to airy thinness beat. And finally their conjoined souls are a pair of compasses. Anne at home is the fixed foot and leans in the direction of the traveling foot, steadying it and assuring that it will come full circle. (And yes, there is a sexual aspect to and grows erect. ) Donne compares the love he shares with his wife to a compass. (Stanza 7 of the poem). Mockery of idealized, sentimental romantic poetry, as in Stanza 2 of the poem. Gross exaggeration (hyperbole). .. In the sixth stanza, Donne begins a paradox, noting that his and his wifes souls are one though they be two; therefore, their souls will always be together even though they are apart. Stanza 6 also presents a simile, comparing the expansion of their souls to the expansion of beaten gold. .. Donne also uses alliteration extensively. Following are examples: Whilst some of their sad friends do say (line 3) Dull sublunary lovers love (line 13) (Whose soul is sense) cannot admit (line 14) That our selves know not what it is, (line 18) Our two souls therefore, which are one (line 21) Thy soul, the fixe d foot, makes no show Thy firmness makes my circle just, / And makes me end where I begun (lines 35-36) The rhyme scheme in the poem is ABAB. End rhyme occurs in the first and third lines of each stanza and in the second and fourth lines. The meter is iambic tetrameter, with eight syllables (four feet) per line. Each foot, or pair of syllables, consists of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. Donne’s fascination with spheres rests partly on the perfection of these shapes and partly on the near-infinite associations that can be drawn from them. Like other metaphysical poets, Donne used conceits to extend analogies and to make thematic connections between otherwise dissimilar objects. He uses the motif of spheres to move from a description of the world to a description of globes to a description of his beloved’s eyes to a description of their perfect love. Rather than simply praise his beloved, the speaker compares her to a faultless shape, the sphere, which contains neither corners nor edges. As the speaker cries, each tear contains a miniature reflection of the beloved, yet another instance in which the sphere demonstrates the idealized personality and physicality of the person being addressed. Perhaps the most famous conceit in the metaphysical poetry- the compass symbolizes the relationship between lovers: two separate but joined bodies. The symbol of the compass is another instance of Donne’s using the language of voyage and conquest to describe relationships between and feelings of those in love. Compasses, metaphorically, help lovers stay linked across physical distances or absences. In â€Å"A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning,† the speaker compares his soul and the soul of his beloved to a so-called twin compass. A twin compass has two legs, one that stays fixed and one that moves. In the poem, the speaker becomes the movable leg, while his beloved becomes the fixed leg. According to the poem, the jointure between them, and the steadiness of the beloved, allows the speaker to trace a perfect circle while he is apart from her. Although the speaker can only trace this circle when the two legs of the compass are separated, the compass can eventually be closed up, and the two legs pressed together again, after the circle has been traced.

My Favorite Stephen Sondheim Musicals

My Favorite Stephen Sondheim Musicals Born March 22nd, 1930, Stephen Sondheim seemed destined to become one of America’s most beloved figures in American theater. When he was only ten years old, he moved with his mother to the Pennsylvanian countryside. There, he became neighbors and friends with the family of Oscar Hammerstein II. In his teens, Sondheim began writing musicals. When he showed Hammerstein his work, the famed lyricist explained that it was awful – but he also told him why it was awful. An amazing mentorship began. Hammerstein provided him one-on-one instruction and advice and gave Sondheim difficult yet creative challenges which honed the young artist’s songwriting skills. In 1956, Sondheim was chosen to write the lyrics for Leonard Bernstein’s West Side Story. Soon after, he created the lyrics for the amazingly successful Gypsy. By the early 1960s, Stephen Sondheim was ready for his compositions to premiere on Broadway. Today, he is beloved among sophisticated audiences and performers alike. Here is a list of my favorite musicals by Stephen Sondheim: #1) Into the Woods I had the pleasure of watching the original Broadway production when I was 16 years old. At the time, I absolutely loved the first act, which plays like a wonderfully crafted and complex fairy tale comedy, ideal for the entire family. During the second half, however, I was quite disturbed by all the chaos and death. The story became too much like real life. And, of course, that’s the point of the show, a transition from fantasy to reality, or from adolescence to adulthood. Gradually, after listening to the soundtrack, and growing a bit older myself, I have come to love and appreciate both acts of this fun and fascinating musical. #2) Sweeney Todd It’s difficult to find a more violent musical than Sweeney Todd. And it’s difficult to find a more haunting melody than Sondheim’s â€Å"Johanna Reprise,† a hypnotic song that mixes beauty, longing, and murder. This is the story of a demented barber who seeks revenge, but goes way too far, driven mad in his lust for bloodshed. (It’s one thing to reap vengeance; it’s another thing to stuff people into meat pies.) Despite the carnage and cannibalism, there is a dark, infectious humor throughout Sweeney Todd, elevating this dreary story to genius. #3) A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum If you’re looking for a show that has a simple, laugh-out-loud happy ending, then Stephen Sondheim’s first success as composer/lyricist is the musical for you. During the show’s test run in Washington, D.C., Forum received negative reviews and apathetic reactions from the audience. Fortunately, director and self-proclaimed â€Å"play doctor† George Abbott suggested that they scrap the opening song, â€Å"Love Is in the Air.† Sondheim agreed and created the bouncy, hilarious number, â€Å"Comedy Tonight.† The new opening number energized Broadway audiences, eliciting laughter (and long lines at the box office). #4) Sunday in the Park with George Filled with beautiful songs and exquisite sets, Sondheim’s Sunday in the Park with George was inspired by the artwork of Georges Seurat, in particular his painting â€Å"A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte.† I love stories that examine the lives of artistic geniuses – even if their history is fictionalized a great deal, as is the case with Sunday in the Park with George. The first act focuses on Seurat’s passions: his art and his mistress. The second act transitions to the 1980s, showing the struggles of a modern artist, George (the fictional grandson of Seaurat). Whenever I’m working on a creative project that takes a lot of concentration, I inevitably start to sing â€Å"Putting It Together,† one of my favorite Sondheim tunes, and an insightful commentary on the artistic process. #5) Company For me, this is the most â€Å"Sondheimish† of Stephen Sondheim’s musicals. The lyrics are funny, complicated, and emotional. Each song is like a cathartic experience for the characters. The basic premise: It’s Robert’s 35th birthday. He is still unmarried, and tonight all of his married friends will be throwing him a party. In the process, Robert analyzes his life and the relationships of his friends. It ran for 705 performances on Broadway, and earned six Tony Awards. So, why do I have it as my 5th favorite Sondheim musical? Perhaps it’s simply a personal thing. When I was a kid, listening to show-tunes such West Side Story and Sound of Music, I was vaguely familiar with Company. I liked the songs, but I could not connect with the characters. I assumed that when I became an adult that things would change, that I would eventually like to drink coffee, discuss real estate, and behave like the characters in Company. None of those things happened. Despite my own short comings, I still enjoy the songs and the non-linear storytelling style of Company. What’s Missing? Of course, there are many other great Sondheim works that didn’t make my personal list. Musicals such as Follies and Assassins never struck a chord with me. Tony Award winning Passion almost made my list, but because I’ve watched the video and not a live production, perhaps I wasn’t as entranced by the show as others have been. And what about Merrily We Roll Along? Although it flopped on Broadway, some would argue that it features Sondheim’s most heartfelt songs.

Heroes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Heroes - Essay Example Moreover, a level of discussion will also be appropriated with regards to what typically defines a hero and what does not. Finally, a discussion of the motives for this level of hero creation and the ultimate societal effects that this has on different groups will also be discussed. Firstly, with regards to the idolization and near canonization that many individuals within our society seem to be labeled with on a more and more frequent basis, one must categorize this into the ultimate need that key shareholders within the process view to exist. For instance, as was the given case with the firefighters of the September 11th terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, the nation, the media, and the government were eager to find anyone or anything to idealize as a means of restoring a fundamental faith in the foundations of the nation; so thoroughly shaken by such a hideous act. This type of societal, governmental, and media response to a crisis and the need to quickly find heroes is not a new concept. Although many of the readings that have informed this essay helped to paint the picture for how civil servants and other non-heroes are regularly cited as heroes by the media, the fact of the matter is such a practice of placing titles on individuals merely perform ing their jobs has existed for much longer than just the few brief years since 9/11 (Welch 42). One need look no further than the Doolittle Raiders to see the primal importance that a small band of men sworn to fulfill their duty and perform missions at the behest of commanding officers in a time of war were quickly labeled as heroes in a country that desperately craved such examples at such an abysmally dark period of the United State’s engagement in World War II. What should be realized first and foremost is the fact that our society’s current definition of hero and heroism has

The Interaction Between an Individual and Society Research Paper

The Interaction Between an Individual and Society - Research Paper Example Human rationality implies, for enlightened thinkers, an attempt to know and understand the natural world, and the use of rational principles to solve social interaction problems. These attempts should culminate in the realization of enlightened faith and idealism in a utopian society. Nietzsche opposed this progress as being naà ¯ve but was unable to elude it. A second theme is those involving contradictions existing between commonality and individuality. Human consciousness was passive while accepting ideology, doctrine, orthodoxy and mass thinking, and it saw reality in the liturgy of vested interests. Ideology arises when a group advances certain socially constructed realities which serve their interests, but which are projected as being in everyone else’s best interests, even though others disagree or don’t understand it. Critical theory views rationality in terms of theoretical consistency and in the standards of pragmatic social reality. Rational planning for rea listic action involves regulative ideals, which have been formulated as enlightened possibilities for the acquisition of knowledge and proper conduct. Enlightenment’s theoretical reverence for reason proceeded in two opposing wrong directions. One became the instrumental reason for technological rationality and the other culminated in logical positivism which, understood knowledge only in logico-mathematical terms, denying any truth or practical relevance to values (Regelski, 2005). Historically, mobility, economy, technology and infrastructure rapidly transformed the metropolis, in disruptive and sometimes destructive ways.

Marketing Assignment. SABIC Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing . SABIC - Assignment Example SABIC was founded in 1976 and operates globally in more than 44 countries in the world. The company is estimated to have more than 33,000 employees all over the world (Sabic.com, 2012). The organisational structure of SABIC includes a total of six different business units, namely Chemicals, Performance Chemicals, Polymers, Fertilizers, Innovative Plastics and Metals. All these business units are engaged in the production of four product types, namely Chemicals which includes Performance Chemicals, Fertilizers, Metals and Plastics which includes Innovative Plastics and Polymers (Companydatabase.org, 2009). For the year 2011, SABIC recorded a net profit equalling SR 29 billion and its annual turnover for the year was SR 129 billion. PEST Analysis Political The government of Saudi Arabia follows a system of monarchy. No political party is officially recognised in the country. Holy Quran is considered to be the constitution of Saudi Arabia and Sharia (Islamic Law) forms the basis for its governance. A central government has been developed by the kings of Saudi Arabia. A wide range of powers are concentrated in the hands of the king of Saudi Arabia. Political reforms have been initiated in the country with the formation of Shura or National Constitutive Council. The members of Shura have advisory powers regarding issues related to public interest. There has been a gradual expansion of the royally appointed Sharia over the past few years (US Department of State, 2011). No income taxes are imposed on Saudi nationals and foreigners working in the country. Only foreign investors are required to pay taxes on their net profit. However the Sura Council members are thinking of the proposal of taxing foreign expatriates. Economic Major economic activities are strongly controlled by the government of Saudi Arabia. Major revenue earnings are derived from the petroleum sector. Private sector growth is being encouraged in the country to promote diversification of economy and emp loyment of Saudi nationals. The effort of diversification is concentrated on telecommunications, power generation, petrochemical sector and exploration of natural gas. There is an unemployment problem mainly because of lack of education and technical expertise amongst Saudi nationals and government is making concentrated efforts to address this issue. Foreign investment is being promoted in the country (CIA, 2012). Socio-Cultural Islam is the predominant religion in the country and Arabic is its official language. Saudi Arabia has a conservative cultural environment. Officially the country strictly adheres to the Islamic law and its Wahhabi interpretations. Cultural presentations are supposed to be in conformity with the ethical standards which are narrowly defined. Technological The country is experiencing rapid advancements in technology. Increased use of internet in business activities in the country. Growing advancements in e-Commerce and electronic service technologies (Al-Ghai th, Sanzogni, & Sandhu. 2010, p.1). Analysis of Ten Trends Affecting the Organisation Political Trends 1. The political environment of Saudi Arabia is quite stable. The country is devoid of any democratic system. National elections are not held in the country and political parties do not exist. Hence it has a positive impact on the business environment of SABIC and the company is

Impact Of Culture On Negotiation Cultural Studies Essay

Impact Of Culture On Negotiation Cultural Studies Essay 12 Angry Men happens to be one of the most apt examples for understanding the cultural diversity of a particular group. Twelve men from totally diverse backgrounds come together to give their verdict on a case and it has to be a unanimous decision. In the end, they do reach a consensus. But what is interesting for our study is the process through which they pass to reach this consensus. The dialogue quoted above is one of the many clashes that occur between the jurors before casting the final vote. The process reflects the conflict between the cultures of the twelve jurors as clearly, culture of each juror did not match with the others. (Source!!) Introduction: Culture is an integral part of conflict resolution. The way each party in a dispute thinks, behaves, reacts in front of the other in the negotiation can be attributed to the culture that the party carries in itself. In certain cases, culture can be the deciding factor as to whether the conflict resolution will work or not. Amidst all issues connected with the international negotiations the one that has been attracting the most attention has been the influence of culture on negotiation. This essay makes an attempt to understand the meaning of culture, study the various factors surrounding and influencing it and then highlight the importance of the same in negotiation. The ultimate aim of this essay is to try and provide an insight into the aspects of cross-cultural negotiation thereby preventing the reader from underestimating the importance of culture in any negotiation. Meaning of Culture: To determine the meaning of culture, we first need to appreciate a few definitions which have been widely acknowledged and used to understand the various aspects of culture and then observe the characteristics of culture. A] Definitions: 1) Edward Tylor (1871): Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of the society. This is the foremost attempt made to define culture and was subsequently used as a model to rely upon and improvise the definition by several anthropologists and sociologists. The terms like knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, etc. demonstrate the wide ambit of culture through Tylors perspective. 2) Clyde Kluckhohn (1951): Culture consists in patterned ways of thinking, feeling and reacting, acquired and transmitted mainly by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiments in artefacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (i.e. historically deprived and selected) ideas and especially their attached values. This definition is quite comprehensive as culture has been composed of both values and beliefs. Kluckhohn adds special importance to the aspect of traditional ideas and attached values which emphasize on the preserved behaviour of an individual which passes on from one generation to the other. 3) Geert Hofstede (1991): Culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another. Hofstede suggests that patterns of thinking, feeling, and potential acting which were learnt throughout a lifetime of a person are mental programs, i.e. software of the mind and the customary term for such mental software is culture. Although it is not very evident from the definition, Hofstede gives a lot of importance to values while determining the meaning of culture which is addressed further in the essay. B] Characteristics: Michelle LeBaron in her article has mentioned certain complications in working with cultural dimensions of conflict, and the implications that flow from them. For our purpose, these complications can be treated as characteristics of culture as culture is a complex whole. They are: 1) Culture is multi-layered what you see on the surface may mask differences below the surface; 2) Culture is constantly in flux as conditions change, cultural groups adapt in dynamic and sometimes unpredictable ways; 3) Culture is elastic knowing the cultural norms of a given group does not predict the behaviour of a member of that group, who may not conform to norms for individual or contextual reasons; 4) Culture is largely below the surface, influencing identities and meaning-making, or who we believe ourselves to be and what we care about it is not easy to access these symbolic levels since they are largely outside our awareness; and 5) Cultural influences and identities become important depending on context. When an aspect of cultural identity is threatened or misunderstood, it may become relatively more important than other cultural identities and this fixed, narrow identity may become the focus of stereotyping, negative projection, and conflict. Culture is dynamic, not timeless or changeless. It is a starting point that orients us in particular ways and away from other directions. As quoted by Raymond Williams, Culture is one of the two or three most complicated words in the English language. Looking at the various dimensions which have been brought under the definitions mentioned above, we can comprehend that the term culture is inexhaustible. We can conclude by saying that every notion that the human mind emerges with can be ascertained as a part of culture. Whether that notion subsequently becomes an activity or simply remains a thought is irrelevant. It can be said that culture sets the pattern in which these notions materialize in an individuals mind. Factors surrounding and influencing culture: (Raymond Cohen, Robert janosik, hofstede?) Normally, the most instant thought that occurs in ones mind when he or she thinks of culture is the national identity. Horacio Falcao is of the opinion that people underestimate cross-cultural negotiation. They tend to only look at national culture when they go to international negotiations. There is also educational culture, race culture, gender culture, religious culture and these cultures also impact the way people behave, think and communicate. There are numerous other factors which form a part of the culture or invariably affect the way a cultural pattern is developed in a person. Although the pace of cultural change naturally varies from one group to another, cultures evolve in reaction to many factors, from trends such as urbanization, globalization, or modernization to specific historical experiences, including the influence of other cultures, and even, occasionally, government policies. Each individual has a culture. In fact, each individual has potentially several cultures. The culture groups may share race, ethnicity, or nationality. But they also arise from cleavages of generation, socioeconomic class, sexual orientation, ability and disability, political and religious affiliation, language and gender to name only a few. The most widely recognised and discussed components of a cultural pattern are beliefs, values and norms. According to Myron W. Lustig and Jolene Koester, Culture is a learned set of shared interpretation about beliefs, values and norms, which affect the behaviours of a relatively large group of people. Norms are the outward manifestations of beliefs and values; they are evident through behaviours and can be readily observed. While beliefs tap on what is true, values tap on what is important. Shalom Schwartz conducted a survey Schwartz Value Inventory (SVI) by involving 60,000 people to identify the values which are commonly prioritised by people. Even Hofstede is of the opinion that mental programs can include a lot of things, from religious beliefs, food preferences, and aesthetic choices to attitudes toward authority. He has categorised these things under symbols, heroes, rituals and values in which symbols are the most specific and values are the most general components. He sugge sts that values are the innermost core of an individuals culture as symbols, heroes and rituals represent the layers of culture that are visible to outsiders. Cohen understands culture by addressing three key aspects which are widely quoted and recognised: 1) It is a societal and not an individualistic quality, 2) It is acquired and not genetic, and 3) Its attributes cover every area of social life. Hence, we can see that culture is not just surrounded by national identity or a certain geographical background but other more profound and intangible factors like values, beliefs, ideas also play a significant role in developing a culture. How Cultures affect Negotiation: Every negotiation is a cross-cultural exercise. Each of us belongs to multiple cultures that give us messages about what is normal, appropriate and expected. When others do not meet our expectations, it is often a cue that our cultural expectations are different. This is where the actual conflict arises. Several anthropologists and sociologists have written extensively about the effect that culture has on negotiation. We will look at the prominent work by a few of them. Robert Janosik has derived four distinct approaches to understand the impact of culture on negotiation. First, culture is a learned behaviour. It focuses on actions without giving much attention to the reasons behind those actions. Second, culture is a matter of shared basic values. This approach assumes that thinking precedes doing and that ones thinking patterns derive from his cultural context. Third, culture is shaped by the dialectic tension between paired, opposing values like individualism and collectivism, idealism and pragmatism, etc. And fourth, culture draws on a systems theory and offers multi-causal explanations of negotiation behaviour. Hoftsede and his five dimensions on which country cultures differ are discussed extensively in many subsequently published papers and books. According to him, these five dimensions reflect basic problems that any society has to cope with but for which solutions differ. These five dimensions are: 1) Power Distance: This dimension is explained by emphasizing on human inequality. The degree of acceptance of the unequal distribution of power can vary among different cultures. 2) Uncertainty Avoidance, 3) Individualism and Collectivism, 4) Masculinity and Feminity, and 5) Long-term and Short-term Orientation. Culture affects different varieties of negotiation differently depending on such factors as the particular objectives, the number of parties, and the extent to which the cultures clash or complement one another. The manner in which culture affects negotiation is further complicated since individuals differ in the extent to which they exhibit cultural influences. Since personalities, training and other variables independent of culture come into play, people reflect to varying degrees certain of the values, attitudes, and beliefs of their ethnicity, nationality, religion, profession, or occupation. The extent to which cultural factors are likely to pose additional obstacles for an international negotiation will depend upon the individuals involved as well as the cultures and circumstances at issue. Culture may deeply affect the dynamics within a negotiating team whether formal or informal, egalitarian or highly conscious of rank. It may affect the teams propensity to share information directly, avoid disclosing it, or reveal it only indirectly, for instance, through communicating multiple offers through which preferences and priorities might be inferred. Ethical norms associated with negotiation frequently vary among cultures, with lies and deception, bribery and bluffing viewed quite differently. Although the national culture and its elements have been mentioned above, the factor of language deserves to be noted separately. One function of language is to structure reality and to order experience. Therefore, the language of an individual significantly influences his or her perceptions and thinking. Certain ideas or concepts are linguistically culture-bound in that no equivalent exists in other languages. Literal translation of terms from one language to the other can lead to grave miscommunication and can affect the whole interaction between the negotiating parties deeply. For example: when Chevrolet introduced the Nova in South America, they were apparently unaware that in Spanish No va means It wont go. Thus, all the factors mentioned are not just important while dealing with international negotiations but domestic negotiations as well. Summary and Conclusions: Just like Hofstedes Onion where value lies at the extreme core of culture, culture happens to lie at the extreme core of negotiation. Even if we were to assume a perfect situation where just everything is right with the actual paperwork and the statistics of the deal on each side of the negotiation, but if the culture of the other party is not understood, then it would not turn to out to be a successful negotiation. To be successful in the international negotiation arena, negotiators need to develop high sensitivity to cultural factors, identify and pursue a culturally responsive strategy most appropriate in a given negotiation setting but at the same time acknowledge and consider also individual and structural aspects occurring in this setting. A person would be able to negotiate and persuade the other negotiating party better if he is aware of the cultural difference that both of them might have.

Modern technology is a bane Essay

INTRODUCTION Rationale Modern technology has increased influence in contemporary society. It seems to be contributed many social opportunities. Understanding and taking advantage from technology is the main aspect in contemporary world which is approachable society. The research question about modern technology is seemed to advantage for study and analysis because technology is the most importance in society. Throughout two years experience in Industrial Engineering field, most of mass production process in domestic and foreign countries have concerned with technology that it probably seems to replace social responsibility. Convenience and constant performance can be produced by modern technology. Profound foundation of technology is main propose in prospect of study for master of information and communication technology and master of computer science, therefore more experiences and argument researches can certainly advantage to establish potential basis of study. The analysis of the research topic The purpose of research questions, â€Å"Modern technology is a bane not a boon. Do you agree?† is to analyze and argue the disadvantage or the advantage of modern technology which is regarded as a bane or a boon. In the research topic question has two aspects of discussion about modern technology is a bane not a boon or modern technology is a boon not a bane. Bane of modern technology can attribute to social problems that have increased unemployment problem, social stress levels and destruction of natural ecology. There is more conclusive evidence of social problems that has contribute by disadvantage of modern technology; for example, machine replacement in factory, increased unemployment rate after terrorist attack, increased social stress level, pollution by modern technology, extinct of natural resources and forest area and hazardous waste in nature. Although it cannot be denied that modern technology has contributed to advantage, it should also be seen that modern technology has negatively affected social degeneration. Modern technology is a bane. The diagram in this below shows  structure of the analysis of research question. DATA COLLECTION The research method The research has completed in four steps. First of all, chosen research question, answer of the research question was required by exploit background and information from pass experience and analysis of key concept. In the second step, secondary source from research book and current journal article was analyzed and evaluated for selection to confirm main idea. The information and objectivity from author, which has encouraged an argument must be related and specified with question propose. Accordingly, it should confirm argument by provided strong and reasonable evidence to supporting research answer. The third step, review and revise of verbal structure and logical concept have done by reviewer in the draft of research. Although the research was based on personal observations or expert opinions, background and pass experience about argument in research answer is significance. The forth step was rewritten and improved the research by add more evidence to compose strongly research. Therefore more evidence has provided from current journal article in many way, such as newspaper or internet to modernized information. However, the research was completed in four steps, but analysis of argument research and technology foundation is required for improvement. Annotated bibliography Brown, A. (2001). Sometimes the luddites are right. The Futurist, 35(5), 38-41 This article identifies a disciplinary negative consequence of technological development behind the problematic of society. This article discusses about an argument that concerns with problem from new technology in 21st century. The main point of this article adequately presents the effects of modern technology based on contemporary problem. This article is written for the researchers who are studying in computer or technology education. DeLisle, J. R. (2002). Real estate and the capital market: A special look at the impact of terrorism. The appraisal Journal, 70(1), 10-20 This article attempts to show an economic downturn problem in United States of America in 2002. The prolonged economic crisis is caused from violent crime by terrorist attack on September 11th 2001. This article shows a content that concerns with an economic problem, which affects economic market in United States of America. The main point of this article adequately presents the information of economic crisis based on contemporary problem. This article is written for the researchers who are interesting in area of global crisis in the view of economics study. Foltz, B. V. (1995). The Technological Domination of Nature: Nature as inventory. In B. V. Foltz, Inhabiting the earth: Heidegger, environmental ethics, and the metaphysics of nature (pp.84-109). New Jersey: Humanities Press International, Inc.. This chapter discusses and clarifies the question of relationship between natural environment and policy of the future. The detail in this chapter can be presented as an attempt to clarify that possibility by explanation in details of how influential philosophers to rightly inhabit in the earth. The question how technology dominates on nature as inventory is described in this chapter. The significance of overwhelmingly disastrous consequence is emphasized in this chapter. This chapter is written for the researchers who are undertaking in area of natural environment philosophy. Hwang, S. (1999). Ecological panopticism; the problematization of the ecological crisis. College literature, 26(1), 137-149. This article attempts to identify a disciplinary apparatus behind the problem of ecological crisis. The detail in this chapter discusses about an argument that concerns with an ecological problem, which has been a problematic crisis. The main point of this article adequately presents the effects of ecological crisis based on contemporary technology. This article is written for the researchers who are undertaking in area of ecological sciences. Segal, H. P. (1994). Kurt Vonnegut’s Player Piano: Ambiguous Technological Dystopia. In H. P. Segal, Future imperfect: the mixed blessings of technology in America (pp.126-146). United State of America: The University of Messachusetts Press. This chapter describes the technology imperative lies, which is debated over technology and progress, at contemporary. It identifies the affect of technology in term of contemporary crisis from the historical problem based on American society and culture. This chapter uses case studies to analyze and illuminate a relation of today’s technology based on American history, especially in Maine. This chapter is written for researchers who are studying in unadulterated technological progress. Weil, M. M. & Rosen, L. D. (1997). How TechnoStressed Are You?. In M. M. Weil & L. D. Rosen, TechnoStress: coping with technology @ work @ home @ play (pp.1-26). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. This chapter describes how technology stresses people. It presents about increased stress levels in contemporary society which has caused by technology. The focus point of this chapter shows relationship between development of technology on frustration feeling and annoyance feeling which has contributed to stress levels. This chapter is written for researchers who are undertaking in area of psychological sciences or development of technological science. The critical review During the past three decades, the ecological crisis has been problematic basis to society. Modern technology has constructed ecology crisis. Sung UK Hwang, in a 1999, attempts to identify a disciplinary apparatus behide the problematic ecological crisis. Hwang, a PhD in political science at the University of Connecticut, disserting on â€Å"Green Capitalism: A Dangerous Liaison†, focuses on personalized responsibility and provides a case of global management to treat ecologic problem. Therefore, sustainable  refinement of ecological crisis is complicated and seemed to be ideology. However this article is thought-provoking enhancement of natural ecology in contemporary society. This article can be advanced for natural research study for understanding contemporary ecology crisis. Disciplinary apparatus behide the ecological crisis is imperative proclamation in contemporary society. Ecological crisis can be defined as a natural degrading phenomenon, such as global warming, ozone depletion, resource exhaustion, and toxic pollution. An additional a disciplinary apparatus, Hwang has defined as an acceleration of ecology crisis that can analyze within three factors. The first is an increased population that can be impacted to ecological sources, the second is exhausted natural resources by consumption of technology, and the third is natural resources exploitation that is used for supporting economics. Thus, this article has presented detail of each mention as a key term of cause-effect in ecological crisis. However, it seems that the most important apparatus in this article is exhausted natural resources by technology because technology seems to be increased influence in contemporary society. On the other hand, it should be recognized negative affect of technology through ecology crisis. Among a disciplinary apparatus of ecological crisis in this analysis, perhaps the most interesting is the consistency which Hwang suggests between ecological degeneration from development of modern technology and increasing population in society. Indeed, it seems to be that an ecological crisis might be depended on increased population growth rate because more consumption demands of population are accelerated exhaust of natural resources and technology is as an apparatus for increased exhaust rate. An additional making this important relation, Hwang analyzes a greenism behavior that is claimed environmentalist and ecologist to study relationship between modern technology and the population rate in West Chester. However, Hwang’s view on each element of the ecological crisis has based on the claim that ecological crisis requires the supporting scientific evidence of advanced technology which is major cause of the ecology crisis but this  evidence is used a less of statistic database to support. This claim is reasonable, although it seems to be unprovable evidence. Because of many information from secondary sources shows that technology has increased ecology crisis in contemporary society. Hwang also suggests that the reason why affectation from modern technology must be proclaimed that is inseparability in ecological crisis because of it is unnoticed fact of ecological debacle. Without further documentation, this concept is hard to accept because it is unprovable claim. Moreover, Hwang calls upon research experience in a firm he founded on database from Intel Corporation, which is presented about hazardous waste from its product. However, more questions need to be made available by Hwang to prove and support the evidence so strong, such as How can modern technology make ecological disaster? Perhaps the fault in Hwang’s reasoning is his claim that technology itself is a major cause for ecology crisis. This claim is probably incorrect because ecology crisis maybe not only occur from technology but also it causes by the user who apply or implement technology. Even though modern technology can be validated a warning of ecological crisis, society should determine about the affect through the natural destruction. It seems that, in general, his research is more appropriate for the victim who receives more effect on the disaster crisis that has to deal with contemporary technology. Because technology can cause social problem through ecology crisis and unrecognized of disadvantaged technology is increased trouble in society. Finally from Hwang’s research, the conclusion of ecological crisis is caused from many factors and it is early imperative subject for society. One factor of ecological crisis is from modern technology because technology can be exhausted many natural resources that is caused about destruction of natural ecology and environment crisis. It is probably suitable way for contemporary society to utilize technology in only positive way not in the negative way by conserved natural resources because technology can extinct all of natural resources easier. The analysis of research The research was limited by the time limitation. Argument writing and evidence source is caused of trouble. According to the question of research must be related by pass experience and current information that can initiate time limitation. Research source and collected information was limited progress of the research because of un-updated information or unrelated research source and indistinguishable propose of author. An additional limitation, ambiguity of the research topic and aspect of research question can attributed to limited research. Consistent with research question should be specified or focused on the advantage or disadvantage of technology, such as computer or communication technology. Other possible factors that limit the research is deficiency of background in pass experience, but it can solve by searched secondary source form library or modernized information. Thus, although topical question has limited the research, the research can be improved foundation of technology and argument writing. The suggestions for future study If this topic area was chosen again, same kind of research question in technology field would be selected. Throughout pass experience and current global situation can construct proficient foundation about modern technology. Contemporary world has many kinds of resource to develop basis of technology knowledge; for instance, newspaper and internet is the modernized information to supply comprehensive demand. Consequently analysis of research topic area can implement with that kinds of modernized information. Moreover the possible areas that should be taken into consideration for any similar research in future maybe scope in politics about immigration from underdeveloped country or contemporary psychological problem because these problems have increased negative effect on many countries in the world. Based on pass experience and current opinion, it is different idea to evaluate consequence of technology throughout social problems; however technology should be regarded to utilize in only the positive way not in the negative way.

A Rumi of One’s Own Essay

Several years ago Kabir Helminski, a sheikh of the Mevlevi Order of Sufism, received a call from Madonna’s producer, who wanted to hire his troupe of whirling dervishes for a music video inspired by the 13th-century Persian poet Rumi. Helminski read the script, learned that a guy would be lying on top of Madonna while she sang â€Å"Let’s get unconscious, honey,† and wrote a polite letter declining the request. He also sent a package of books so that the singer might get a better sense of Rumi’s teachings. Like many Persian literary scholars, Helminski, who runs the Threshold Society, a Sufi study center in California, has had little success in convincing Americans that Rumi is about more than transcendent sex. (Madonna later recited Rumi’s poems on a CD, A Gift of Love, along with Goldie Hawn and Martin Sheen.) One of the five best-selling poets in America, Rumi, who was born 800 years ago in what is now part of Afghanistan, has become famous for his ability to convey mystical passion: his lovers are frequently merging into one, forgetting who they are, and crying out in pain. Yet his religious work—one book is popularly called the â€Å"Koran in Persian†Ã¢â‚¬â€is often ignored. To uncover and celebrate his heritage, UNESCO has declared 2007 the Year of Rumi; conferences about his work are being held in Istanbul, Kabul, Tehran, Dushanbe, and Ann Arbor. One of the featured speakers in Ann Arbor this fall will be Coleman Barks, an American poet who is largely responsible for Rumi’s American popularity as well as his reputation as an erotic soul-healer. Born in Tennessee, Barks freely admits to not knowing Persian (scholars call his best-selling works from the translations of others â€Å"re-Englishings†). While his poems are far more elegant and accessible than any previous English renditions, they tend to turn holy scenes into moments of sexual passion. Sometimes he takes out references to God and replaces them with â€Å"love.† As he explained in the introduction to his 2001 collection of poems, The Soul of Rumi, â€Å"I avoid God-words, not altogether, but wherever I can, because they seem to take away the freshness of experience and p ut it inside a specific system.† But Rumi, who spent most of his adult life in Konya, Turkey, based his life and poetry around that system. The son of an Islamic preacher, he prayed five times a day, made pilgrimages to Mecca, and memorized the Koran. Under the influence of an older dervish, Shams of Tabriz, he devoted his life to Sufism, an ancient, mystical branch of Islam. Sufis are less concerned with the codes and rituals of Islam than with making direct contact with God; as one scholar puts it, â€Å"Sufism is the core of the religion, the nut without the shell.† Still, the traditional Islamic texts are central to the faith. â€Å"I am the slave of the Qur’an and dust under the feet of Muhammad,† Rumi writes. â€Å"Anyone who claims otherwise is no friend of mine.† Rumi put forth an alarming quantity of writing—about 70,000 verses in 25 years—which affords translators the luxury of leaving out poems that might alienate the average American reader. In the introduction to his 2003 Rumi: The Book of Love,Barks jokes that his previous book of translations â€Å"achieved the cultural status of an empty Diet Coke can.† He gives the language a Southern hominess and an almost childlike simplicity: Love comes sailing through and I scream. Love sits beside me like a private supply of itself. Love puts away the instruments and takes off the silk robes. Our nakedness   together changes me completely. Starting with 50-year-old prose translations by the British scholar A.J. Arberry, Barks takes liberties to make Rumi’s language more accessible and universal. Occasionally this results in more than subtle changes in meaning. In one mistake, documented by the independent scholar Ibrahim Gamard, Barks mistranslates the word â€Å"blind† as â€Å"blond† due to a typo in Arberry’s version—inadvertently turning a scene about the abandonment of those who don’t know God (â€Å"Bright-hearted companions, haste, despite all the blind ones, to home, to home!†) into a part about resisting sexual lures (â€Å"I know it’s tempting to stay and meet these blonde women†). In Rumi’s time, it’s hard to imagine that there were many women with yellow hair; there wasn’t even a word for it. Barks’s wholesome soulfulness should be credited for bringing Rumi’s work to popularity, but in the process he leaves behind perhaps the most important part of the poems. â€Å"Rumi is not a great poet in spite of Islam,† says William Chittick, a Sufi literature scholar at Stony Brook University. â€Å"He’s a great poet because of Islam. It’s because he lived his religion fully that he became this great expositor on beauty and love.† There’s a sense in Rumi’s poems that he is at his emotional limits, simultaneously ecstatic and exhausted. His faith seems desperate, and almost tangible. Such devotion is striking because it’s inspired by God, not by the promise of sex as it sometimes appears in the translations. â€Å"He was the most important religious figure of his day,† says Jawid Mojaddedi, an Afghan-born Rumi scholar at Rutgers, whose translation of Book Two of Rumi’s Masnavi came out this month. â€Å"And yet people are shocked to find out Rumi was Muslim; they assume he must have spent his life persecuted for his beliefs, hiding in some cave in Afghanistan. We talk of clash of civilizations, and yet there’s this link that needs to be spelled out.† (Rumi’s success in America has actually boosted his popularity, Mojaddedi says, in parts of the Middle East.) But for many readers, Rumi’s Persian background has little bearing on the force of his poems. He has come to embody a kind of free-for-all American spirituality that has as much to do with Walt Whitman as Muhammad. Rumi’s work has become so universal that it can mean anything; readers use the poems for recreational self-discovery, finding in the lines whatever they wish. â€Å"It’s impossible to take Rumi out of context,† says Shahram Shiva, a Rumi translator and performance poet who regularly gives readings of Rumi’s poems, often in yoga studios. â€Å"Great art doesn’t need context,† he says. â€Å"The best thing for Beethoven’s popularity was when they put a disco beat behind Symphony no. 5.† Shiva recites Rumi to the accompaniment of flute, piccolo, piano, conch shell, and harmonica and belts out the lines in a deep, sultry Broadway voice. â€Å"Rumi’s one of the great creative beings on this planet,† he says, â€Å"a mixture of Mozart and Francis [of] Assisi, with a little Galileo thrown in, and maybe some Shakespeare and Dante.† In his most anthologized poems Rumi comes off as a saintly Tony Robbins, urging people to break barriers, stop worrying, touch the sky, make love, never surrender. It’s as if publishers worry that reading poetry is such a fragile enterprise that too much weight and context and not enough sex will scare everyone away. Helminski, who used to run a publishing company that put out Barks’s early books, noticed a consistent sensibility in the lines readers were requesting permission to quote: those suggesting that there’s no conventional morality, no such thing as ethical failure. The number one requested line was â€Å"Out beyond ideas of wrongdoing and rightdoing / there is a field. I’ll meet you there.† â€Å"Our culture is so shame-ridden that when someone comes along and says, ‘You’re OK,’ it’s a great relief,† says Helminski. â€Å"Americans still have an adolescent relationship with Rumi. It will take some maturing before we move beyond the clichà ©s.†

Adding a Class to the School Curriculum Essays

Adding a Class to the School Curriculum Essays Adding a Class to the School Curriculum Essay Adding a Class to the School Curriculum Essay Beloved Principal. a category that specializes in focal point. prioritizing. organisation and survey accomplishments is perfectly necessary for any Middle School pupil. At my age and younger. pupils have a inclination to be disorganized both physically and mentally. I have a bent for losing and burying my prep assignments and my classs enduring. I know I am non entirely in this battle against jumble and forgetfulness. Critical thought categories provide a pupil with construction. survey accomplishments and the art of prioritising. I know personally the effects of school on a pupil who is unprepared and disorganized. The emphasis and insomniac darks can be avoided with a category dedicated to the student’s hereafter. Unlike Math and Language Arts. this category would be linked with the students’ success in EVERY other category. The benefits would non merely refer to pupils. but to the enthusiasm and effectivity of a instructor. Is at that place an ything more of import than fixing a pupil for his or her hereafter? The accomplishments learned in a critical thought category would assist a pupil non merely through Middle and High School. The survey accomplishments and note pickings schemes would besides be utile and really good in College and whatever calling they choose to prosecute in the hereafter. A category dedicated on learning a pupil to stay focussed and take accurate notes in talks would be good to all the woolgatherers. doodlers and dozers who can’t listen to a instructor and remain focused on the words coming out of her oral cavity. I know the effects all excessively good. As my instructor begins her day-to-day harangue. I shut my head off and allow it roll around the room. I see pupils saw wooding in the corner and others doodling in their notebook or flinging notes to each other every bit slyly as possible. I smile at their jokes in alleviating the wash uping ennui of a category like this. Merely a smattering of pupils are really listening to the instructor and it is apparent that they instead be anyplace else making anything else. With tiffin merely ten proceedingss off the whole category is already atilt towards the door and gazing ravenously at the wall clock. I am snapped out of my reverie by the shrill scream of the tiffin bell above my caput. Relief runs through me as the instructor dismisses us and our rumble tummy. Equally rapidly as I possibly can I scramble to pack up all my things and haste to the lunchroom. I don’t even retrieve to compose down the prep assignment! This forgetfulness is fueled by my inability to remain focused in any category much less the one right before tiffin. The dark before I had stayed up all dark analyzing for a different trial this necessarily leads to me being crabbed and unfocussed for the undermentioned yearss. Particularly since every dark seemed to be a late dark and with the emphasis and deficiency of slumber I am on t he brink of snarling. The following twenty-four hours I fail the dad quiz along with about all of the pupils who stopped listening to the teacher’s talk. five proceedingss in. Mr. Principal. if pupils knew how to take accurate notes and focal point. so the snore in the dorsum of the category would be brought to a lower limit every bit good as all the other distractions in the room. Students would be more eager to larn if they understood how to make it in a manner that works for them and they see the positive effects it can hold on their lives. Grades overall would better if pupils knew how to listen in category and survey right. Alternatively of waiting until the dark before a immense test. reading words over and over until they become a disorderly muss of neer stoping letters and symbols. I could analyze one measure at a clip so that on the dark before I can plane over the subjects and be prepared to confront the trial. Being prepared supports pupils from desiring to ditch school in order to avoid the trial as a whole or merely to kip in and catch up on some Z’s. Preparation would besides convey the deficiency of slumber and emphasis to a lower limit. No longer would the hemorrhoids of neer stoping prep and survey ushers hover over our worn out heads. non if we knew how to work in front and prioritise what needs to be done now and what can be done increasingly. It would assist to maintain pupils fresh. awake and ready to larn every forenoon. Not merely could rate better. but so would the school’s attending record. Mr. Principal. pupils are more willing to come to category if there is something to look frontward to. Alternatively of school being deadening and agonizing. it could be viewed as an chance to set the accomplishments learned in their Critical Thinking category to the trial. There would besides be less jobs waking up and hence doing it to category on clip. No more off-guard in category. alternatively pupils would be note-taking and instructors would see the increased enthusiasm in their category. The instructors would be motivated to work even harder to learn their pupils all they can. Why would instructors desire to learn if they know that the pupils couldn’t attention less? If instructors see pupils take parting and non moving out so they would besides be motivated to assist the pupils learn even more than what is specified in the course of study. Regular and advanced pupils would excel any of the other schools. The school would work at least 10 times more expeditiously and fruitfully. Everyone would be enthusiastic and successful in school. Mr. Principal if adding a category could find whether your school is mean or above norm. would you take the opportunity? The accomplishments learned in Middle School Critical Thinking categories would hold a permanent feeling in a student’s life everlastingly. With the added accomplishments. advanced instructors. and motive that a pupil additions while taking a Critical Thinking category would decidedly up their opportunit ies of that pupil remaining in school non merely in High School. but come oning even in the College degree. This is non a simple effort and many pupils who merely don’t cognize how to maintain their lives organized have a batch more opportunities of dropping out than the pupil who is good prepared and ready to take on anything the category has for them. In college most if non all the categories are talks. if this bores a pupil or a pupil knows how to maintain organized notes so the categories will be a batch harder. In comparing to High School. College has a batch more enticement to travel party alternatively of analyzing. or hanging out with friends in your residence hall alternatively of traveling over yesterday’s notes. This can take to dropping classs and even dropping out of school. Peer force per unit area to imbibe. fume and non analyze is a LOT stronger as the old ages go by. In college instructors are no longer on top of their pupils to make their assignments and to analyze like the instructors in Middle School and High School. Students have more freedom and a more d uty to maintain their classs integral and the pick to worry about their academic or their societal life. This duty may be excessively much for an mean pupil. but for a pupil who has been taught and has practiced their critical thought accomplishments. the pick is obvious. The pupils who have the subject to prioritise right and set their school foremost will be more successful clip and clip once more over the pupil who picks his societal life over his stupid classs. The pupils who stay up until midnight jaming for an test that they knew months before will besides fight with their ain jobs in the hereafter. Mr. Principal. a pupil who has practiced subject. prioritizing. focussing and productiveness will be prepared for anything that can come at them in the hereafter. It is your occupation to fix your pupils and if your pupils aren’t bettering so their faculty members are neglecting. This is non something that can be fixed with MORE work. but with a category that helps childs pull off their clip better. Skills like these are non merely utile in college though. They are utile in the students’ calling. Discipline and regard are really utile in an office scene particularly when interning. Interns are normally put through a series of trial before they are even accepted! Most of the clip these trials have nil to make with what one hundred 20 thousand times 50 is. but with how to pull off two or three undertakings at the same clip and how to be adaptable in any state of affairs. An intern who already knows how to take outline notes and schedule their yearss consequently will hold much more opportunities of wining in the concern universe over an unprepared shirker. Foremans look for organisation and readying in their employees. but above that they look for person who looks the portion. Before you even open your oral cavity in an interview. the lone thing the employer sees is merely how long you stayed up the dark before fixing a last minute sketch. The bags under your eyes and crumpled outfit won’t seem like a presentable and organized employee and the misprint in your sketch will stand out in comparing to the other applier who worked on their sketch for a hebdomad. reading and rereading it until it was flawlessness. The applier who has her hair absolutely in topographic point. her outfit ironed level and to the full prepared to talk to the employer has a batch more opportunities of being hired. This all goes back to you. Mr. Principal. The student’s ability to concentrate on the interview and be prepared depends to the full on what opportunities YOU put in their lives when they are in your school. If Critical Thinking Classes aren’t offered in school so your pupils will be beat out in interview after interview non merely for their callings. but for college and for advanced arrangement. This will impede them in comparing to the pupils who have all the accomplishment they taught in their Critical Thinking categories to assist them through the interview and even to their publicities in work. Mr. Chief pupils deserve to hold a category that will let them to hold an upperhand in categories. interviews and applications. Every pupil has the ability to hold straight A’s and be successful. but non all of them have the accomplishments needed to set their abilities to work and assist them non merely in Middle School. but for the remainder of their lives. Mr. Principal you have nil to lose and everything to derive. The esteem of both your staff and pupils and the unbelievable feeling that comes from cognizing that you’ve made a difference in your pupils lives. Without a uncertainty. thanks to the Critical Thinking Class your school could profit from the increased academic abilities of your pupils. This category will assist pupils for coevalss to come. if you could travel back in clip wouldn’t you want to be given this opportunity?

History of General Motors

History of General Motors General Motors (GM) is a multinational corporation with its headquarters situated in Detroit Michigan. The companys history dates back a couple of decades and entails a broad range of industrial activities worldwide.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of General Motors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More General Motors history delves in motorized transportation, engineering and manufacturing (Barnhoorn, 2012, p. 45). The company was established in 1908 as a holding corporation. By 2012, General Motors had employed over 202,000 people. Today, the company has created employment for over 324,000 people worldwide. Besides, it has sold over 8.35 million cars globally (Chowdhury, 2014). The company sells its cars under different brands. The current brands include Vauxhall, Cadillac, Buick, and Chevrolet. Apart from selling cars, General Motors also distributes numerous non-automotive brands like Terex and Euclid . In 1930, General Motors ventured into the aeronautical industry. It purchased Fokker Aircraft Corp, which was an American company. Later, it bought Berliner-Joyce Aircraft. General Motors merged the two companies to establish General Aviation Manufacturing Corporation. Barnhoorn (2012) alleged, â€Å"Through a stock exchange, General Motors took controlling interests in North American Aviation and merged it with its General Aviation division in 1933† (p. 47). In 1948, General Motors pulled out of North American Aviation, and since then, it has never invested in the aircraft industry again. The company purchased both Electro-Motive Corporation and Winton Engine in 1930, changing their names to General Motors Electro-Motive Division (Barnhoorn, 2012). General Motors embarked on manufacturing diesel-propelled locomotives, which dominated the American railroads. The locomotives played an important role during World War II. General Motors got rid of the Electro-Motive division i n 2005. In 1932, General Motors established an ancillary company dubbed United Cities Motor Transport.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company helped GM to â€Å"transform streetcar systems to buses in small cities† (Chowdhury, 2014, p. 129). Chowdhury (2014) alleged that in 1936, General Motors participated in a conspiracy aimed at eradicating streetcar system. According to Ready (2004), General Motors played a significant role in World War II. The corporation manufactured enormous quantities of aircrafts, cars, and armaments that the United States used during the war. Nevertheless, the war adversely affected General Motors global interests. The American, British, and Canadian branches were divided with each branch supporting the local government. Ready (2004) alleged that it became hard for the United States government to manage GM-owned compa nies in Germany. The German government took control of the companies and used them to manufacture weapons and vehicles. Chowdhury (2014) argued, â€Å"General Motors ranked first among the United States corporations in the value of wartime production contracts† (p. 130). The company’s William Knudsen helped President Roosevelt to manufacture and supply cars and weapons. On the other hand, the companys subsidiary in Britain contributed to making the Churchill tank. The tanks were helpful in the United Kingdoms operations in North Africa. General Motors participation in the World War II made it famous across the globe. The post-war period saw the company become the largest automobile enterprise in the United States (Galster, 2012). Additionally, the company’s revenue went high and significantly contributed to the United States’ gross domestic production. In 1953, Eisenhower appointed General Motors’ president (Charles Wilson) as Secretary of Defense. Charles Wilson declared that he was ready to protect the United States without considering if his decisions could affect General Motors (Galster, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of General Motors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, Charles confirmed that he did not envisage a situation where his decisions could affect General Motors. He believed that both the United States and General Motors shared common interests. Later, his sentiments were misinterpreted with some people arguing that Charles meant that the General Motors interests coincided with those of the country. In 1955, General Motors became the first company to remit the highest levies in the United States (Galster, 2012). In 1958, the branch differences within General Motors started to fade away as the company developed high-performance engines. The company introduced higher trim replicas like Pontiac Bonneville and Chevrole t Impala (Galster, 2012). The replicas were sold together concurrently other models, making it hard for customers to distinguish them. In 1961, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, and Buick came up with engines that were similar to Pontiac Bonneville and Chevrolet Impala. Hence, the models eliminated the differences that existed among the General Motors’ divisions across the globe. In 1960s, GM encountered stiff competition from other car companies. Therefore, it was forced to manufacture superior cars to remain competitive (Barnhoorn, 2012). For example, General Motors built Chevrolet Corvair to counter Volkswagen Beetle. Besides, after Ford Company made Falcon, General Motors responded by making Chevy II. In 1977, General Motors launched Chevrolet Vega to curtail import of cars from foreign companies. However, Chevrolet Vega’s inventive aluminum engine encountered numerous problems (Barnhoorn, 2012). General Motors stopped manufacturing Chevrolet Vega after realizing that the car w as not doing well in the market.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even though General Motors continued to grow its market share from 1960s to 1980s, it suffered from product disagreement. Barnhoorn (2012) posited, It seemed that, in every decade, an important mass-production product line was launched with defects of one type or another showing up early in their life cycle (p. 61). Therefore, the company always had to make some adjustments to improve its products. However, it was hard to convince customers to purchase the improved products. For instance, General Motors launched Chevrolet Corvair in 1960s. At first, the car was received well (Rattner, 2010). Later, its unusual handling made customers to consider it unsafe. Later, General Motors improved the cars suspension system and made a number of improvements to make it safe. However, Chevrolet Corvairs reputation had been adequately ruined such that customers were not ready to purchase it. The 1970s was the era of the Vega. It started as a famous car, but the fame did not last for long. General Motors was affected by labor strife in its Ohio’s production plants. Hence, many customers felt that the company could not guarantee the safety of its cars (Rattner, 2010). In 1977, General Motors stopped manufacturing the Vega model since it was not doing well in the market. According to Rattner (2010), Oldsmobile’s turnover went up between 1970s and 1980s. It received affirmative reviews from customers. Besides, people had faith in its Rocket V8 engine. Rattner (2010) posited that Olds dislodged Plymouth and Pontiac as the third best selling trademark in the United States. The first two brands were Chevrolet and Ford. Increased recognition of Oldsmobile’s cars led to a significant challenge in 1977. Oldsmobile could no longer satisfy the market since the demand for V8 engine was higher than production capability. Hence, it started to equip its car models with Chevrolet 350 engines to meet the demand (Rattner, 2010). The majority of customers did not realize w hat Oldsmobile had done. However, many customers learnt that they had been short-changed when they took their cars for maintenance. They filed lawsuits, which crippled the General Motors’ reputation. People published disclaimers alleging that Oldsmobile was using engines manufactured by other General Motors divisions to assemble its cars. The disclaimers adversely affected GM status forcing the corporation to come up with a single unit for making car engines. Today, all its engines are built by GM Powertrain (Rattner, 2010). The history of General Motors is characterized by ups and downs. The company has encountered one crisis after the other. However, the management has always found ways to salvage the company. In 2010, the administration helped the company to overcome bankruptcy that saw it close the majority of its branches. The management restructured General Motors’ brand portfolio to help it compete with other established brands (Chowdhury, 2014). The company abo lished a number of nameplates like Saturn, Pontiac, Goodwrench, and Hummer. Besides, it removed the culture of embossing its mark of excellence on all its cars. According to Chowdhury (2014), General Motors has moved from a corporate-endorsed hybrid brand architecture structure, where GM underpinned every brand to a multiple brands corporate (p. 133). Indeed, it is hard for one to identify General Motors brand in the market. The majority of its brands do not bear a trademark. Moreover, the United States branch has purged the famous blue badge from its website. However, the Canadian branch still reveres the blue â€Å"badge†. Nowadays, General Motors has two superior brands that control its global development. They are Chevrolet and Cadillac. The Cadillac brand develops lavish cars that are aggressive and dominant (Chowdhury, 2014). Besides, General Motors is in the process of reviving other brands like Buick, Holden, Opel, Baojun, and Vauxhall to help it reach a wide customer base. References Barnhoorn, J. (2012). Recognize sustained competitive advantage: A comparison in the automotive industry out of an investors’ perspective. Delft: Delft University of Technology. Chowdhury, S. (2014). Strategic roads that diverge or converge: GM and Toyota in the battle for the top. Business Horizons, 57(1), 127-136. Galster, G. (2012). Driving Detroit: The quest for respect in the motor city. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. Rattner, S. (2010). Overhaul: An insider’s account of the Obama administration’s emergency rescue of the auto industry. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Ready, D. (2004). The characteristics of great leader-builder companies. Business Strategy Review, 15(3), 36-40.

Burberry Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Burberry Case Study - Essay Example Then the beginning was good, and facilitated further purchase in also other countries of Europe and the world. As the phrase on finance says, â€Å"Capital is added to capital†. Then by raising its production, Burberry proceeded to more investments, being able to increase its profits, by keeping quality, starting to produce more items in a variety of goods, such s perfumes, and several kinds of accessories as well as increasing production variety of its initial goods. Then this gave Burberry the chance to expand to markets all over the world, and throughout year’s conquest the whole world, by multiplying its funds. Some other factors, like production of military uniforms, before the I World War indeed, contributed to creating some favouring circumstances for potential customers, that increased by the years. Also and most important, there have been some keen managers, really interested in the job, who also, managed to create a changing mentality of people and potential b uyers, under the dominating scheme and emblem that not only prosperous and wealthy ones, should be able to have access to the wonderful and exceptional products of Burberry, but more or less any buyer of middle class should be able to afford Burberry’s products. ... Also some other implementations such as SAP and it’s strategies proposed included in IT technologies investments, and moreover and most important, the ability of Burberry to adapt to new market conditions all the time, throughout its organized marketing managements as above have contributed not only to its survival but also its constant growth and development. 2. Explain the criteria and the different segmentation methods which can be used by Burberry (10 marks). Burberry an established brand in clothes, accessories and perfumes, should focus on an organized marketing management in order to assure its position in the global market. Criteria should be focused on axes of management, such as enhancement of retail sales, and the appropriate training of staff, implementation of e-commerce and sales online, for example by SAP and IT technologies, a well balanced system between wholesales and retails, as well as a balanced system of sales of products across global markets, by concent rating, on meeting needs of consumers in every country, by adapting prices. Also, new policies would consist in good and proper advertising and always new products to be manufactured, by keeping quality of old ones, thus adapting its development to meeting market requirements of nowadays. In fact quality criteria, as above should substitute some criteria based on quantity, and vice versa, strategies, on production of quantity, should replace some criteria of quality, so both will be well balanced, and adapted to consumer psychology, be being able to ‘’convince consumers of their â€Å"personal interest† to buying Burberry’s good s and products. Thus segmentation, in terms of both quality and quantity criteria, would give the impression, that Burberry is a brand

Honeywell Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Honeywell Company - Case Study Example Honey well company divided payout has increased over the years, this increase can be associated with the increased efforts to increase labor productivity through outsourcing, the following chart shows dividends paid out by the company over the years: data was retrieved from yahoo finance From the above chart it is evident that the divided payout level were low for the period 1976 to 1992 with only slight increases, for the period 1992 to 2000 the divided payout amount increased at an increasing rate and for the period 2000 to 2004 dividends remained constant and for the period 2004 to 2008 the divided payout amount increased at an increasing rate, this shows that there has been an increase in the profitability of the company and this has been due to increased efforts top outsource cheap labor in other parts of the world. From the above chart it is evident that productivity has increased over the years, labor productivity increased gradually for the period 1987 to 1993 but declined in the period 1993 to 1997. For the period 1997 to 2000 labor productivity increased and this increase in labor productivity can also be associated with outsourcing, this is because aerospace manufacturing companies have increased productivity of labor through outsourcing. Major findings: From the above trends it is evident that the profitability of the Honeywell company has increased over the years, this increase can be attributed to reduced production costs that are realized through outsourcing, it is also evident that labor productivity in the aerospace industry has also gradually increased over the years, their productivity level indicates the labor costs incurred by companies with relation to production, it is therefore evident that through outsourcing companies are able to increase their profitability. Other sources of data: Data on labor productivity and divided yield could also be collected in other ways, the above are secondary sources of data and other primary sources could be used in the collection of data, data can be collected through interview and questionnaires, in order to collect this data a research questionnaire should be prepared or an interview conducted with the company representative where data could be collected and recorded. Primary sources are that best sources of data although they are time consuming and costly compared to secondary sources. Regression analysis: Data variables will include labor productivity and dividends paid out each year for the company, the following table shows the data used: Year labor productivity Honeywell company dividends 1988 87.409 0.51875 1989 87.646 0.45 1990 89.095 0.45 1991 94.098 0.4 1992 96.494 0.25 1993 101.304 0.29 1994 95.564 0.3245 1995 95.652 0.39 1996 99.413 0.45 1997 100 0.52 1998 119.149 0.6 1999 120.8 0.68 2000 103.394 0.752 2001 115.688 0.752 2002 118.649 0.752 2003 119.019 0.752 2004 113.245 0.752 2005 124.959 0.824 2006 117.935 0.908 This section