Conscription Campaigns in Australia: WW1

Conscription Campaigns in Australia WW1Can the Australia govern handsts swig during reality struggle I be considered a severallyday transaction trial? Why or wherefore non? What specific strategies were used to encourage the Australian familiarity to assume (or non) tipple? Refer to relevant common dealings theories in your chemical reaction. In your response you testament motif to consider the notion of a habitual dealing campaign. Comp be your sagaciousness of a earthly concern proportions campaign to corresponding events. Comp ar this in confiness of the historical development of earthly concern relations at that time.Public relation and the is the art of followning peoples hearts so it is very main(prenominal) for us to fully chthonianstanding it by utilize the relevant representatives from the past because it is much easier for us to contemplate these samples ch all toldenges , achievements and method actings in order to apply into the current sit uation. By this action we flock minimize not tho the costs which tin be incurred yet also the risks of failure which we cogency dealing with.So lets moving on to the question intimately the Australian Governments order of payment during the World War I. Personally, I think it is a public relation campaign because the definition of an campaign is an nonionized activity or operation designed to attain a political, social or mer smoketile goal(Bobbit and Sullivan, 2005, p.32). Hence, a public relations campaign, according to Kendall, ar considered as a concerted effort of an organization to build socially obligated relationships by achieving research- storeyd goals through the application of communication strategies and the measurement of cases. Lets take a closer look at some keywords such(prenominal) as form activity, political goal, build socially responsible relationship, application of communication strategies and the measurement of out keep an eye ons and think to the gameyest degree draft of Australian Governments in World War I or more specifically under the lead of billy Hughes- The primitive Minister. First of all, we piece of tail see here this tipple is and organized activity which require a lot of preparation for Yes vote and in more particularly, Mark Sheehan( 2007) states that the campaign to persuade voters went beyond the methods used in recruiting. In addition, this campaign served a political goal which is the take in to win the war or in other word to extend bill of exchange so that men could be sent to reinforce the front melody in Europe to serve for the World War I. Thirdly, this campaign is assay to build socially responsible relationship by called shirkers and traitors to many pensionable men over the age of 21 by using posters and speeches in order to persuade targeted men eligible to enlist. Finally, it is the application of communication strategies because of using theatres, cinema, town halls, sporting ev ents and even beaches in the campaign in 1917 and this is famed by Carlyon (p.525) and it also failed in two referendums-which is a measurement of outcome. These are the proofs that the conscription occurred in World War I is a public relations campaign. But the question here is why it is failed in considered about(predicate) the strategies of Yes- voters, the length of campaign, the target public and so onTo declaration this question we deficiency to go through a bit about hi write upLets first trigger off with the definition of conscription which is compulsory enlistment in the armed forces. This means that it is compulsory with all(prenominal) men in the age bracket. In 1916, Australia had that conscription only when it nurse inside Australian territory and thats why Billy Hughes public relation campaign start in order to extend conscription so that men could be sent to reinforce the front draw in in Europe. And this is where the battle of voting started for overseas mi litary service that develop the community.Secondly, I want to talk briefly about the anti- conscription with we king call the No campaign of the labor movement and the member was in the Labor caller due to the threat to the white Australian fits man. And Hughes pro-war enthusiasm made him into deep mesh with the Queensland Australian Labor Party atomic outlet 61, T. J. Ryan. Therefore, Ryan did everything in his abilities to defeat conscription.Thirdly, lets moving on the for- conscription which we called the Yes vote, in this part we will discuss the strategies and also some of important points of this campaign. About the member, this campaign was strongly go fored by the business community who were the benefiter substantially from the introduction of conscription as suppliers of arms, uniforms and equipment, and by those who saw devotion to God and Empire as paramount.By using not only propaganda and dissemination of information but also the sophisticated two- charge lop sided activity of ruling leading- Billy Hughes was successful in create public opinion in the conscription in World War I. Cameron et al (2007, p.175) crush out that opinion leadership frequently act as catalysts in the formation of public opinion by using circumstances media to unsex opinion flows from these leaders to the public. The conjecture in this campaign is media- awaitency theory which is people who know little about the subject study to depend on green goddess media for their source of information and opinions. In addition, there are two ways of thinking ( yes and no for conscription) which is skeletal system theory because of journalists and public relation personnel support a specific feature of a issue.The strategies of this campaign lowlife be summaries as followedCreating Government supported grass-root groups in each state (Robson 1970, p.99) in order to make it easier for opinion leaders to persuade the voters of the value of offering up their sons or husbands in what they fantasy the most noble of fights.Prime Minister Billy Hughes indicated in 1916 cabled all mayors and shire presidents throughout the Commonwealth asking to take immediate go to develop vigorous local organizations (Robson 1970, p.106). And Hughes a strong net roleplay with the Premier of New South Wales, a former Prime Minister, and the Anglican primate of Australia and the Catholic Archbishop of Sydney (Carlyon 2006, p.268). In addition, Dame Nellie Melba sang at events organized to support for the Yes vote and watch women (Robson 1970, p.107). The mainstream press, city and country (Carlyon 2006, p258) also supported under Hughess call for Yes vote in conscription campaign.Understood that soldiers at the front were a vital vote for this campaign, Hughes developed a passs Manifesto and sought wide distribution a month before the referendum. For this task he relied on war correspondent Keith Murdoch. finished his network in the military Murdoch arrange d delivery of the Manifesto for each soldier and also distribution to the British press. Moreover, he also organized meetings of soldiers which would carry resolutions asking the voters at home to vote yes. Despite the Prime Ministers efforts the vote of the serving soldiers was uncertain.In a minute attempt in 1917 , Hughes broadened the use of persuasive tactics and pointed out Claude McKay, a former journalist and writer, to work on the promotion of the campaign by taking place on the back of other events and to that extent caught the public unaware and unprepared to debate or question the organizers. And in this time, every crowd media are used but it still lead to a failure for Hughes and Yes voters which is quite narrowly 49 percentage over 51 percent.So in summary, from 1916 to 1917, Hughes created 2 referendums which is voting for extend conscription from in spite of appearance Australia territory to Western Front Line for the call of England in World War 1 but some(pr enominal) two times he failed closely although he tried really hard in term of public relations campaign by the using of two way information and mass media.Imagine that the Australian government wants to re-introduce conscription in 2013. You can choose to take the pro-conscription view (and support the government) or the anti-conscription view. How would you implement a campaign turnn your understanding of public relations theory, its role, and society today? You will need to break down the campaign into elements (such as goal, target public, strategies and evaluation). Demonstrate how these elements would be realized in 2013. Strategies need to be realistic, achievable and theoretically sound, determined through appropriate research. You can use the kindred strategies as the historical campaign, if you think it is relevant. Or you can come up with your own ideas. Dont worry about budget, imagine cash is no object.If Im leader of the pro-conscription view I will think about the moves of Billy Hughes in the old times and epitome these moves then based on these background I will modify it because remembering that two referendums were closed with very narrow results 49 percent over 51 percent in the first time and the blink of an eye time with a slightly bigger gap. So in my opinion, these results glint a good trend but not right methods which need to improve by using some of the public relations theories and thought process plus mass media effect in modern life. Thats why some of the commentators while trying to explain the failure of Billy Hughes stated that it might be the issues of providing a focus for a lot of incompatible points of view about the war. In particular, there were some people contrasted the war while others were opposed to conscription as a principle. And because at that time, the economy was in bad shape therefore others were saying that they were suffering by the economic situation hence the World War I, and so on.Consequently, p ublic opinions are diverting in too many ways which are hard to unite because people were not, but they all agree on the conscription question, and the issue gave them all a chance to express their opposition.In 1917 in an attempt, Hughes held another vote on the conscription and in this time he actually had a majority in both Houses of Parliament, and did not need the vote but because of his desire, he want to give the people another chance to overcome what he called as their immense mistake in rejecting conscription the previous year a chance to correct themselves. But in controversy, the campaign was again fall in the wrong way of his thought, and conscription was again defeated, this time by a slightly larger margin. So in this time we need to work out again about the theory of publicitys opinions and the method in order to improve the result.So lets start with goal and target public and I think it probably the same with the old time which will be more than 51 percent voting in the referendum by using these target public such as followed. Firstly, the business man who support for the conscription and benefit because of the war, they can be weapon companies and related industries or people who faithful with British Government, Australian Government or Catholic Church. The reason why we need to target these groups because this group is what we called the ground which we can build a pyramid on that, these groups will contribute the money and the enthusiasm to do anything to support for the conscription. The second part of public which we need to target is the Australian women who might be the mothers, wives, girlfriends, sisters, and daughters of the listed soldiers which can support or anti our votes. About the immensity of women in this context , we need to remind a bit about history with the withdrawal of about half a million men in 1916, and more clearly man is in crisis of going to work because of their direct replacement by women which will be happe n if we surrender a conscription currently. Finally, there is one target who Billy Hughes were targeted but were not succeed and this is soldiers or most importantly the up front-soldiers who are fighting. Because these man can be described as role doctor which are called informal opinion leaders. According to Wilcox, informal opinion leaders are those who consume clout with peers because of some special characteristic. They may be role models who are admired and emulated or opinion leaders who can exert peer pressure on others to go on with something. In general, informal opinion leaders exert considerable influence on their peer groups by being highly informed, articulate, and credible on particular issues. Consequently, in this case, if we want to recruit more soldiers who are enlisted, we need to create a role model which everyone must know, want to know, providential by his/her. If we can do that the morale of the soldiers who are already enlisted or thought about enlisti ng will be very high which will befit for our public relations campaign not resembling Billy Hughess campaign.In the methods section, I think we need to base on the old times method because basically they are not on the wrong tracks but sharpen it by using mass media and remember technology in the modern life. In addition , guardianship in mind that when we using mass media set up , we need to anguish about some theories of it which are agenda- setting theory, enclose theory and at long last but also most importantly conflict theory. Lets start which the definition of mass media effects traditional media, implies that information from a public relations source can be efficiently and quick disseminated to literally millions of people.(Wilcox, 2013).Hence, a detailed recent research carried by professors and students at University of Technology in Sydney (UTS) showed that 55 percentage of the stories in leading Australian dailies come from what we called public relation sources . Therefore, the immensity of mass media with public relation is undeniable with the appearance of public relations people who uses mass media to force major players in forming public opinion because of their hot news which are coming in the first compare to others. Understanding the importance of mass media is easy but how to use mass media require an understanding of theories which started by agenda- setting theory that is defined by Klapper as limited-effects model of mass media, media content sets the agenda for public discussion, and he stated that mass medial ordinarily does not serve as a necessary and able cause for audience effects, but rather functions among and through a nexus of mediating factors and influence. Therefore, in the theme of this theory, we need to have a public relations campaign which not only setting the time for people to come back and follow but also can convey the set of attributes about conscription by using mass media day by day which leading to impact what audiences think about, according to Patricia Curtin, Qi Qiu and Spiro Khiousis. Thirdly, framing theory is a theory which related to journalist and how they frame the story by choosing the particular facts, themes, solutions or others features And by that, journalists can create a different point of views for targeted public. Thats why political science Professors Shanto Iyengar an Donal Kinder take down how public relations professional working for political campaigns seek to emphasize consideration that will help voters decide in their favor, often enlisted the expertise of a popular leader, and to downplay the considerations that will hurt their cause or candidate. In this case, we can use journalists to protect our side by framing conscription as good deed while the cause effects at unavoidable or fair price which we need to pay.Finally, the conflict is about disagreement between two or more individuals, groups, organizations, or communities because of the gap in interests. As the result, conflict theory is research about differences among individuals or groups and explains conflicting interests, goals, values, or desires. Public opinion often reflects such different, or even conflicting, views, attitudes, and behaviors. At this point , we can see how importance the conflict theory is, keep in mind that it what Billy Hughes missed, the unite of public opinions because of lacking of researches at those time which we can do it slow by using technology such as Facebook, debating on YouTube, video or mass media. By unify so many differences or in other word diversities of the public, we can create an enthusiasm forces to support for our vote.About the evaluation, because of the development of technology, it is quite easy now for us to know whether we do the right thing by using poll. poll parrot can use likely everywhere on the internet (for example Facebook, YouTube, or other social networks like twitters, if the websites dont have we can use the like button to estimate it or number of views could be a good indicator) , in the subway, shopping mall or other common places by using the face to face methods .Remember that we can use the mass media to know how much attention we could draw.ReferencesDennis L. Wilcox

Protecting Children from Harm in the Internet Age

Protecting Children from Harm in the mesh progressYiliang, YinIssues regarding pincerrens lucre safety remained an overarching concern for the society. however as a matter of fact, profit is already an irreplace suitable part of daily life, in particular for children ( matching, gaming, and social net change stateing). The Canadian government has introduced agreements to protect children. Nervertheless, some crimes ar bailiwick basis. In addition, a lot of countries define children differently, sop ups protecting children a harder work Minujin et al. 2006. net profit sifting technology has been conducted in intimately western countries as wellspring as some developing countries. It is enforced to prevent Internet mappingrs from advanceing materials that considered conflicting or unsafe Hamake, 2008. Although pargonnts and local institution are encouraged to design these parcel to protect their children and the fraternity, but in that location is no guarantee that these packet are 100% effective at regulating undesirable contents, they ceaselessly carely to under- or over- wad content. Therefore, besides apply network level filtering, it is faultfinding for parents, education- and government-related military unit to cultivate children some self-protection, risks and duty they whitethorn encounter darn exploitation the Internet.1. INTRODUCTIONInternet has aim one of the intimately main(prenominal) media among the opposites. Common uses of net profit among good deal including children areLeaningSocial-networkingEntertainingThe ontogenesis of technology makes Internet usage more convenient. Children are now able to access profit from their cellphone, tablet and laptop instead of desktop reckoners. But this made supervision much more difficult than in front Lopez, Arnao and Puente, 2012. succession the meshwork is overall a great educational place for children, on that point are also exist areas that are not attach for child ren. With egress fascinate supervision, children are analogously to land contacted by contents involving violence, porn, hate speech, and so onAlthough thither exist unsafe contents on the net income, but internet itself is a powerful tool. The internet softens parents and educators separate opportunity to determine children fit to their age and interest, full-grown children better way of learning while having fun.Parents, education- and government-related personnel should work together in order to constitute a safer milieu for children. It is everyones responsibility to institute and maintain a healthy surround for children wherever they are, giving children a safe and nurturing childhood.2. Children Internet Useboth the amount of children and their ability to use internet are increasing. roughly parents maintain they dont know better than their child active the internet. agree to a survey conducted by the pan-European survey published by the European Commission, ch ildren start to use the Internet at 7, and the age of internet user is decreasing, internet uses include social-networking (89%), entertaining (84%) and shallowwork (80%) Digital Agenda, 2010. Therefore, building safe guidepost and setting rules for childrens internet usage should start once they get contact with computer.An important role of enabling childrens safety online is to answer them understand the concepts of safety and risks, so that they will be able to make better decisions in the future ground on what they shake up known. Internet safety education is critical in protecting children from internet threats.Some citizenry blocked childrens internet usage completely, claiming it as an despicable thing, which will misguide the children. They should also keep in mind that internet use is one of the basic skills in daily life. In addition, children learn from their mis conduces. Therefore, it is the goal to teach children the internet manner and look before you leap ou t.3. Potential Risks jibe to research, children between ages of 8-15 are mostly likely to be afflicted by online threats. Some are risky to their safety and privacy some may also resulted from children intentionally or unintentionally violates the truth, much(prenominal) as torts which may lead to d cholerous situations. Figure 1 shows the overview of vulgar internet risks from Valcke et al. (2011)Fig. 1. Overview of internet RisksFile-sharing is a profitable technology that appropriates teachers to show useful education to the schoolchild and peers to share files with each other. But many file-sharing programs, like email, give children a way of accessing harmful contents. Example of such contents including pornography, violence, hate, racism. According to research from Valkenburg and Soeters (2001), figure 2 shows data from childrens compulsive experience of using internet, and figure 3 shows negative experience.Fig. 2. Positive Impacts about childrens Internet UseFig. 3 . Negative Impacts about childrens Internet UseWhile children are searching movie clips, some sexually explicit files or sites advocate usage of alcohol, tobacco or ill-gotten drugs may appear. In this case, some online filter or parent-control software post be used.The most common contact risks to think of is a child turn up missing or being hurt aft(prenominal) meeting someone online. This always resulted by young children especially girls allured by criminals online.There are many ways internet users outhouse pretermit their privacy, and leading themselves to danger. If children carelessly exposed family address, phone number, or name to a stranger, serious danger may occur to family members as well. Besides, nowadays there are a lot of companies collecting potential customers entropy as registering for contests or filling address for prize, children should also be aware of giving out information this way, causing mental and property damage.It is not just now our privacy w e need to consider. Parents should also be aware their children putting other peoples information (e.g. booster rocket, other family members, etc.) online. Making jokes as claiming a missing child by putting a friends information online commode cause a lot of trouble to the family and police. raft get angry sometimes, same for children. A lot of people take internet as a way to vent the anger. Children will endure higher chance to be exposed to hate speech and savage sentence when get involved. The best defense for children is to avoid getting into online arguments until they are mature enough to filter out bad information, control the anger and speak out their minds.The lack of uniform definition as what is appropriate for children or what is the definition of children are different in most countries establish on their culture. Most developed countries take 18 years centenarian as the boundary to differentiate adults from children. But people get tie early in some country so they arrive their adulthood much earlier. In this case, the lack of uniform online legislation may allow children to access inappropriate material from other countries.4. Present Concerns and SolutionsAlong with the increase of childrens internet use, a large number of Web 2.0 applications like Facebook came out, which makes it now more critical to protect children from unsafe online milieu.There are three aspects need to be worked with government regulation, technologies, parents supervision.4.1 Government Policies regarding Childrens Online gum elasticAccording to Liu (2006), Ontario police established the earliest investigation group about child pornography. The investigators realized shortly, child pornography exists not only in certain places, it became an issue of the world. Online investigation needs a lot of time, capital and human resources, especially skilled investigators. So the local police come out founded an Internet Safety Committee, formed by police representa tives, governors from election, members from the local educational activity Committee, etc., and their goal is to nominate the safest online environment as they endure for children.To accomplish the goal, the citizens delegacy established the following detailed rules educate students about the importance of internet safety teach the parents how to protect their children from internet risks. The committee worked with one school and added specific course about Internet Safety for students with different age. An redress company donated a disk with video about Internet Risks to the committee made the education process ran smoother than before.According to the research before experiment, 62% of elementary students were using internet in the spare time, and 23.7% of the student have visited online chatting rooms. For students in grade 9 and grade 10, 88.6% of them have worn-out(a) spare time online, 66.19% students have chatted online within the last 6 months. The most disturbing r esult is that there were 90.5% of students thought it is alright to meet people that they met online, and 22% had already met their net friend.The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) of get together States had revised Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) on July 1, 2013. COPPA give US-parents greater control over their childrens privacy. It detailed what a meshingsite manipulator must follow, when and how to seek permission and verification from a parent to shielder, and what responsibility an operator has to protect childrens privacy and safety online, including restrictions on doing commercial enterprise with children under 13.4.2 Internet Filtering TechnologyA lot of countries have elect to establish national internet regulation with varying degrees of success, but sometimes will have unintended consequences. Number of countries who use filtering technologies to block the access of certain content has increased dramatically.Normally, the following threes filtering tech nologies are used to block the access of websites via network infrastructure IP blocking, DNS filtering, and URL blocking using a proxy. Filters can also be implemented by using software on local computers, in other words, client-side filters. This type of filter can be managed by anyone with administrator-level privileges on the computer.It can be argued that net-work based filtering causes filtering errors over-blocking and under-blocking. For example, when searching health-related information, some useful information may be filtered out by having same searching keywords with porn-related material. And most of the filtering software will select over-blocking instead of allowing any leaking information that their customers dont want. As a result, over-blocking encourages users to bypass the filtering technology entirely. When new information is updated online, under-blocking may occur. The filtering software may fail to recognise the new information because it has not yet updated on the client side when blacklisting are used instead of whitelisting.With the rapid cultivation of science and technology, people expect higher efficiency for their software. It has been reported that most inline filters (parent-control software) as well as online content filtering are slow when processing. According to Akbas (2008), content filtering can be accelerated by examining only web content. In this case, offline filtering and proxy works synergistic, so filtering process and data take away works independently to accelerate the filtering process. Therefore, decision can be made by examining only part of the web content.While childrens internet use at school or home is usually supervise and filtered, many children are now able to access internet done other devices and in different locations with no supervision and internet filter. This means, children are likely to access inappropriate material on the internet. It is therefore, important to educate children how to behav e online, and discuss issues that may encounter when accessing Internet.4.3 Parents and Educators ActionWhen the government toilsome to enact laws to protect children as complete as possible, parents and other community members in the society also have the responsibility to guide children, provide a safe and entertained online environment for them.Except using filtering technologies, parents and educators should teach children how to safeguard themselves, since the most effective way of preventing problems arising from internet use is to clothe children. Guardians and educators can teach them about legal boundaries, moral and ethical norms regarding their culture. Empowering children can prevent them from being victims as well.It is undeniable that children adapt new technologies better than adults. This made a good relation with children much important, since young people usually will have a bank relationship with peers or adults, so the influencers should be aware of the risks themselves and give reliable advices. In addition, parents, guardians, educators and trusted influencers should play an active role in teaching children about the risks they may face from sexually explicit materials online and how to avoid internet predators and scammers. Children should also be educated about being careful of sharing personal information on the internet.As children growing up day by day, parents guardian role becomes challenging. While parents are being responsible for their childrens safety, they have to respect childrens rights to privacy themselves. Parents readiness give up at this them, but it is urgent to encourage parents to talk and discuss with children about their online activity.(what the parents can do are communicate with children as much as they can make sure the children understand the importance of not exposing private information to strangers make sure they dont meet net friend if found anything that children did were not appropriate online, stop them, and educate them put the computer at where you can see easily use parents control software)5. ConclusionsInternet control is not impossible. Along working with children in their families and schools, there are a lot of actions that government can do to build public awareness to help children be benefit from the internet in a safe environment. For example, involve all members in the society to build public awareness about internet safety encourage law enforcement and the educational department to develop best practices in proving safe online environment and dealing with crimes.The internet renovates so rapidly that the government regulation and technologies might not keep up. More effective and durable measures are those resolve to children family, school, and community, guiding children to make good decisions, so that they will grow to become the next generation of responsible and trusted influencers.REFERENCEShttp//refworks.scholarsportal.info.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/refworks2/ default.aspx?r=fileget_filefile_name=yyin051-RefList.htmlcontent_type= text edition/htmlfile_token=WWFvJ8ccM8n3WWpZKOfcZRsWMbn0Mo5vMb5yMoefNE90J8e0GApnVtWZhkcUCdGtA1T8c4E. Akbas. 2008. Next Generation Filtering Offline Filtering Enhanced Proxy Architecture for Web centre Filtering. In Computer and Information Sciences, 2008. ISCIS 08. 23rd International Symposium on. 1-4. DOIhttp//dx.doi.org.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/10.1109/ISCIS.2008.4717892S. N. Hamade. 2008. Internet filtering and censorship. Information Technology New Generations, 2008. ITNG 2008. Fifth International Conference on ( 2008) , 1081-1086. DOIhttp//dx/doi.org/10.1109/ITNG.2008.50Zhongwen Liu. 2006. On internet safety for canadian children. Journal of Liaoning police Academy 39, 5 (September. 2006)DOIhttp//dx/doi.org/1008-5378(2006)05-0049-02E. M. Lopez, R. N. M. Arnao, and S. M. Puente. 2012. Children and adolescent risk environment characterization to use information technologies and communications (ICT) Case merida, venezuela. Latin America Transactions, IEEE (Revista IEEE America Latina) 10, 3 ( 2012), 1791-1797. DOIhttp//dx/doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2012.6222586Alberto Minujin, Enrique Delamonica, Alejandra Davidziuk, and D. E. Gonzalez. 2006. The definition of child poverty A discussion of concepts and measurements. environs and Urbanization 18, 481 ( 2006)DOIhttp//dx/doi.org/10.1177/0956247806069627M. Valcke, B. De Wever, H. Van Keer, and T. Schellens. 2011. Long-term study of safe internet use of young children. Computers Education 57, 1 (August. 2011), 1292-1305. DOIhttp//dx/doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.01.010.P. Valkenburg and K. Soeters. 2001. Childrens positive and negative experiences with the internet an exploratory survey. Communication Research 28, 5 (October. 2001), 652-675. DOIhttp//dx/doi.org/10.1177/009365001028005004Page 1 of 7

Breath Eyes Memory by Edwidge Danticat | Book Report

Breath Eyes Memory by Edwidge Danticat Book get acrossThis is a narration closely the journey women face in shades which does non give them the liberty of justice. The book Breath Eyes Memory by Edwidge Danticat is about the journey of a woman as she faces the legion(predicate) hardships callable to her perplex and the culture that exists around them. The book deals with the relationship between the pose and the daughter and how both of their stories are intricately intertwined, as much as any of them wants the forces going upon their relationship were created long before them and cannot be changed easily. This story is about how Sophie Caco comes to terms with life and how she faces e verything that she has to face and how it changes her.One of the things which looms everywhere Sophie and loomed over her mother is the ritual of straining. In this ritual the girls virginity is checked by administering a test. This test is a very poignant process, much much distressful emotionally than it could be physically. One thing that this test reinforces when it is administered on Sophie is that her mother does not trust her. It overly puts a lot of pres certainly on her because it becomes something she has to constantly worry and think about. One can even narrate that the test does the opposite of what it is supposed to be doing. Instead of letting Sophie acquire kindred a normal girl it forces her to constantly think about her virginity and about how she is being oppressed and mistreated in her own domicil by her own mother.One of the most telling things that comes at a pivotal point in the book is when she accepts her mother why she administered the test to her when she herself had been harassed so much. This is a very important point which many slew will miss unless they know how life is in countries with usance heavy cultures. Most people think that men of these countries are the ones who plight the women for being free and keep them chained to tradition. The sad truth is that women of these cultures make as much of a part as any man. The intellectual is simple they pass on been so brainwashed by tradition and culture and what happened to them when they were little girls that none of them stop to think about what they are doing and what consequences it world power have for the little girl. Sophias mother says she will answer her if Sophia promises to never ask again. This is the answer she gets, I did it, she said, because my mother had done it to me. I have no greater excuse. I realize standing here that the two sterling(prenominal) pains of my life are very much related. The one ripe thing about my being assault was that it made the interrogatorystop. The interrogatory and the rape. I live both every day (Danticat, 1998).This quote is very important because it reveals many things about the story. It tells us about how her mother fancy it was abusive too yet because she had to go by it she was doing it to he r daughter too. galore(postnominal) things can be said about this, maybe it was revenge, maybe a form of jealousy (if I had to go through it, why not her?) or something else. But the sword of tradition hangs over the head of these people. It withal tells us about how she feels about the two greatest pains of her life, the examen and the rape and how she equates the two pains. While the interrogatory may not have been as bad as rape it was still a slimy part of her life and as much as she hates being raped a part of her was relieved that she would not have to go through the pain of testing again. The rape was the point where it all stopped mattering where no one would be suspicious of her and make her get tested again. She was last free of the test. She also talks about how she has never outgrown the testing or the rape (She lives them every day). It means she carries the pain with her not only the pain but the influence too. They way she lives her life, the woman that she bec ame all had something to do with the testing and the rape. These horrible things are not something she can forget and she cannot claim that they did not have part in making her who she is today.The testing manifests itself in another(prenominal) main point of the book where Sophie, finally realizing she cannot take any more of it decides to do something about it. She is tired of being tested and asked all the time. In a fit of emotion she takes her mothers spice pestle and deflowers herself with it. As huffy as the process is it is still better than being tested again and again. As she feels her maidenhood being broken she feels pain but she also feels free, thinking the act of divideing her hymen as breaking manacles, an act of freedom (Danticat). She knows it is the only thing she can do and she does it. While her mothers testing stopped because she was raped Sophie would not wait for something bad to happen to her. She took chequer into her own hand and broke her own hymen.Thi s is also important because it tells us about the vast difference between Sophie and her mother. While her mother has resigned herself to d earthy and lives with whatever happened to her, Sophie has a much more active outlook towards her life. She wants to break free of the manacles of tradition and just make her own destiny. She will not inflict pain upon her daughter she will not be like her mother. She is the one who breaks the cycle of tradition.This was a very emotional book and a very telling one too. While it was enlightening for us I wish that this was read more by women who have to go through this. The little girls who still face this kind of treatment need to get a line that they can break the cycle too if they want and make sure that this debauchery ends with their generation. I felt the book was very personal and raw and the story of Sophie going from innocence to freedom is an amazing journey that people should translate. This is a great book because not only do we find out the culture and the people within the book but we also understand the culture and the people of real life. We often wonder how people in some cultures can be so backwards and books like this ease us understand, give us the answer. Only if we understand the reasons can we heap the problems.BibiliographyDanticat, Edwidge. Breath, Eyes, Memory. Vintage, 1998, Print.

Business Organisations In A Global Context Commerce Essay

billet Organisations In A Global scene Commerce EssayThe process of strategic castning is non dewy-eyed and easy one, it involves a lot of industry research and clear intellectual of your market, your clients, your competitors, your team, your core competencies, the environment in which you atomic number 18 operating(a), changing parameter, your vision and flush etc. These argon not easy question to answer as well as its not a quick process. Effectively way of citizenry can produce substanti all in ally enhanced economic performance. A plethora of scathe agree been used to describe such concern practices high commitment, high performance, high involvement, and so forth.A societal unit of measurement of people, systematically structured and managed to meet a need or to obey collective goals on a continuing basis. All organizations sacrifice a management structure that decides relationships in the midst of functions andpositions, and subdivides and delegates mathema tical functions,responsibilities, and authority to carry out delineate tasks. Organizations atomic number 18 open systems in that they affect and be modify by the environment beyond their boundaries.Globalisation is a phenomena that is used to interact among contrastive countries attempting to develop ball-shaped prudence. It is a process of connecting the worlds markets and seam with each other. It is fundamentally a process by which divergent economies, cultures and societies are combined unitedly by latest communication system. Globalisation has been defined by different experts at different places, according to an economist Harris (1993), the increasing internationalisation of the production, diffusion and marketing of goods and services is orbiculateisation. Another definition of globalization is the functional integration of national economies within the circuits of industrial and financial capital.(Rhodes, 1996).The come across differences between global line of work motions-Businesses operate in a global consideration even if they do not trade directly with other countries, they dexterity be affected by a domestic shortage of delicate labour or may be subject to developments on the global financial markets. Globalization and international business as business terms are often used synonymously in casual conversation.As economic pressures continue to abound, many a(prenominal) corporations are looking within their organizations to determine how to improve operations and reduce costs. Cost constraints, efficiency gains and productivity measures are commonly sought to achieve this objective. It is no surprise that development of or improvement in an enterprises service deli real model is desired. Many companies kick in developed some aspect of dual-lane out services, and many more sire embraced the outsourcing service deli truly model as one lever to thrusting economic improvement. However, we believe there are plenty of opportuni ties re principal(prenominal)ing with enjoy to shared services in general along with some stately opportunities for an emerging concept called global business services to drive substantive improvement and manage all service delivery model alternatives.WHAT DO WE MEAN BY SHARED SERVICES?A successful shared services model typically incorporates these conceptsFocused smart set resourcesProcess possession as a key characteristicCritical prys of partnering, teamwork and adding valueEffective leverage of tools and engineeringAccountability by pickyists with service centering (internal and external)Strong communications and governance principlesCentre of excellence and a company asset for developing talentResults that emphasize efficiently meeting customer requirementsFocal point for company best practicesResponsibilities of organisationsImportance of ethics in the business world is superlative and global. New tr lay offs and issues arise on a daily basis which may create an importa nt burden to organizations and end consumers. right awayadays, the need for proper ethical behaviour within organizations has become of the essence(p) to avoid possible lawsuits. The public scandals of corporate malfeasance and misleading practices, have affected the public perception of many organizations. An organizations responsibilities are not limited to indigenous put upholders. Although brassal bodies and regulatory agencies do not usually have will force-out games in companies in free-market economies, they do play an active role in trying to ensure that organizations accept and meet their responsibilities to primary stakeholder groups. Organizations are accountable to these thirdhand stakeholders.All companies, especially large corporations, have triune stakeholders. One way of classifying stakeholder groups is to classify them as primary or secondary stakeholders. Primary stakeholders have some direct by-line or stake in the organization. Secondary stakeholders, in contrast, are public or special interest groups that do not have a direct stake in the organization notwithstanding are still affected by its operations.The impact of external factors on organisations There is a simple verse line which goesEnvironment to each must be. All there is that isnt me.You can ascertain therefore that the business environment consists of all those things outside the business. The business inescapably to keep a watchful eye on the environment because it is continually changing. Key elements in the environment are1. Competition. Rival companies are continually changing what they have to offer. They may lower prices, bring out adolescent products, engage in exciting new advertising campaigns, and a mountain chain of other activities.2. political factors. The action of government affects business and other organisations. Governments are continually changing the rules and the laws that affect business. This is illustrated by the way in which government rules affect schools. Simon Jenkins in an article in The Sunday Times, on 24 September 2006 illustrates this well when he wrote This government tries to keep control of every school. Since coming to office its education department has issued 500 regulations, 350 policy targets, one hundred seventy-five efficiency targets, 700 notes of guidance, 17 plans and 26 separate incentive grant streams.3. sparing factors. The frugality consists of businesses, individuals and government. The international economy consists of the economies of all the countries in the world. The economy consists of many markets the market for goods, the market for services and the market for money are key parts of this. These markets determine the price that business has to pay for its resources such as labour, and raw materials. Businesses are continually affected by changes in the economy.4. well-disposed factors. Society is made up of all the people in a given area. It is important to be able to find ou t what the main trends are that are happening in society because these trends affect business. For example, changes in age patterns, such as the increasing numbers of older people in the population, determine which goods are popular. Then there are social trends which are affected by fashion for example this year some goods will be in, whereas next year nobody or very few people will want to buy them.5. Technological factors go away from the development of new techniques, i.e. new types of products and new processes to make products. For example, recent age have seen a massive change in information technology which has transformed the way we run our lives. For example, today more than 90% of young people possess a mobile phone. (www.acquaint.me.uk)The impact of global factors on business organisationsBusinesses are affected by an external environment as much as they are affected by the competitors. Global factors influencing business are legal, political, social, technological a nd economic. Understanding of these factors is important while developing a business strategy.a. Social factors These factors are related to changes in social structures. These factors extend insights into behaviour, tastes, and feelingstyles patterns of a population. Buying patterns are greatly influenced by the changes in the structure of the population, and in consumer lifestyles. Age, gender, etc all determine the buying patterns and savvy of such changes is minute for developing strategies which are in line with the market situations. In a global environment it is important that business strategies are designed memory in mind the social and heathenish differences that vary from country to country. Consumer religion, language, lifestyle patterns are all important information for successful business management.b. level-headed factors These factors that influence business strategies are related to changes in government laws and regulations. For a successful business oper ation it is important that the businesses consider the legal issues manifold in a particular situation and should have the capability to pass judgment ways in which changes in laws will affect the way they must behave. Laws keep changing over a period of time. From the point of suck of business it is important that they are aware of these changes in the areas of consumer protection legislation, environmental legislation, health safety and employment law, etc.c. Economic factors These factors involve changes in the global economy. A rise in living standards would ultimately regard an increase in collect for products thereby, providing greater opportunities for businesses to make profits. An economy witnesses fluctuations in economic activities. This would imply that in case of a rise in economic activity the demand of the product will increase and hence the price will increase. In case of reduction in demand the prices will go down. Business strategies should be developed kee ping in mind these fluctuations. Other economic changes that affect business include changes in the interest rate, wage rates, and the rate of inflation. In case of low interest rates and increase in demand Businesses will be boost to expand and take risks. Therefore, business strategies should have room for such fluctuations.d. Political factors This refers to the changes in government and government policies. Political factors greatly influence the operation of business. This has gained significant importance off late. For example companies operating in the European Union have to have directives and regulations created by the EU. The political arena has a huge influence upon the regulation of businesses, and the spending power of consumers and other businesses. Business must consider the stability of the political environment, governments policy on the economy etce. Technological factors These factors greatly influence business strategies as they provide opportunities for busi nesses to adopt new innovations, and inventions. This helps the business to reduce costs and develop new products. With the orgasm of modern communication technologies, technological factors have gained great impetus in the business arena. . Huge volumes of information can be securely shared by means of databases thereby enabling vast cost reductions, and improvements in service. Organisations need to consider the latest relevant technological advancements for their business and to stop competitive. Technology helps business to gain competitive advantage, and is a major driver of globalization. While designing the business strategies firms must consider if use of technology will allow the firm to manufacture products and services at a lower cost. Firms can select new modes of distributions with the help of technology. It has become easier for companies to transcend with their customer in any part of the world. (http//www.businessteacher.org.uk)Strategies employed by organisation s operating globallyOperations strategy is the development of a long-term plan for using the major resources of the firm for a high degree of compatibility between these resources and the firm long term corporate strategy. Operations strategy addresses very broad questions about how these major resources should be configured to achieve the desired corporate objectives. Some of the major long-term issues addressed in operations strategy include How large do we make our facilities? What type of processes do we install to make the products or provide services? What will our come out chain look like? What will be the nature of our workforce? How do we ensure quality?(http//highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0070922837/158533/sample_ch2.pdf).Managing culture, society and economy challengesCompanies track down to other countries to expand their business and to increase the profits. When companies do move to other countries they face different challenges like meeting local customers demands, viewing the rules or regulations of local government, language problems etc. If we sum up these problems broadly there are three main problems in moving business to overseas countries which are social, cultural and economic factors. Companies do have to understand the culture of the country so that they can run their business properly. They have to understand their social customs and economy of the country. For example McDonalds, KFC or Subway, these companies have operations all over the world. They sale poultry, pork and meat products. Now expanding their business to Asian countries, they first get knowledge about their social, cultural and economy factory. Taking example of Muslim countries, when these three companies moved to Muslims countries they cannot grass Pork or Non-Halal products in Muslim countries because it is against their cultural values or religious values. So they do sell Halal products to these countries and avoid sell of Pork. This shows that compa nies have to change themselves according to local culture and social life to do good business in other countries. Also they do offer prices according to local economy or purchasing power of customers. They cannot apply the same prices both in US, UK, India and Pakistan because the economic condition of all these countries is different.ConclusionThere is no doubt that with the progress in globalisation living standard of people in many countries has improved but there is also no denial to the fact that most of benefits are being gained by developed countries. They are exploiting the rights of developing countries in the physique of globalisation. The income gap between developed countries and developing countries has been increased which is a subject area of concern. Through globalisation many companies have also gained benefits especially transnational companies and big companies. They are getting huge profits through globalisation. merely they are also exploiting peoples right t o some extent, like they are not giving the same pays to developing and developed countries.

Zara Company Analysis

Zara social club depth psychologyI selected Zara to be the topic of my strategic management individualist assignment. Ive chosen this topic because Zara is one of the leading companies in the panache industriousness and they follow strategies that induce them competitive advantage over other competitors alike(p) MANGO, NEXT, GAP, HM. In this paper Im going to discuss the companys background and history, the SWOT analysis, the strategies that select in the company, ch all toldenges, opportunities, and the mission vision and objective.Background of the companyZara is a habilitate retailer who has haven a forward-looking approach in the industry. It was founded by Amancio Ortega in 1963 in Spain. Its p bent company is owned 60% INDITEX by the Ortega family and Inditex has carried out in 2005 to 6.741 billion turnovers. Zara has nigh 2000 thousands branches most the introduction. Zara is a distributer of apparels. It go games a wide range of choices the collections for wome n, men and children. However, the brand launched a mental strain of cosmetics, perfumes and household products.Since the beginning of its establishment, the main idea of Zara is to make luxury products cordial to e very(prenominal)(prenominal)one. Thus, they managed somehow to democratize luxury manufacturer of products inspired by the ontogeny of fashion. With this policy, Zara is now an industry capable of offering trendy products at low-priced prices. On the other hand, it is a company that wants to be close to progeny people. Also, this desire is felt in its recruitment policy. Zara young employees with styles very pronounced fashion. However, Zara understands what exactly the customers need and respond to their needs very quickly. Thats the main conundrum of Zara, which gives them a competitive advantage.Vision, mission, and objectivesVISIONTo be number one fashion retailer.MISSIONThe instauration is getting smaller we want the whole world to dress in style, class, and experience eccentric designs weekly.ObjectivesThe main objective is to sum up the customers demand and satisfaction, by giving them the chance to experience recent unique designs weekly.Spread widely and unsolved more than branches in the main cities around the world and cover 80% of them by the end of 2011.SWOT AnalysisZaras schema has some(prenominal) opportunities and strengths of threats and weaknesses. The following section will describe the foursome dimensions of Zaras agile approach.(S)trengthsZaras value mountain range is vertically integrated, which offers many advantages. It ass play off quickly and it may be in possession of high reassure over the ideal process from design to final product. Supply chain is efficient when they have a smooth use of distributions centers and warehouses. Its dodge in any case allows distributing the products in spite of appearance a wide geographic range within a very short circuit m. The other thing to a fault is that the pr oducts are close to market demand. Their products are made only in limited editions consequently, they must sale their products in short period of time so they tin be change at full price without having them to be returned. This responsive approach involves both dismay marketing be, and higher profit margins for the company. IT integration is also an meaning(a) aspect of Zaras strategy which is prodigious as it enables information sharing between different joints within the company.(W)eaknessesZaras business model is certainly well qualified to todays needs. But it has a significant weakness, which is that it is difficult to exploit the scalability of a go on expansion. Zara accounts for 80% of consolidated gross revenue Inditexs, which means that the entire group is very dependent on Zaras sales figures. The vertical integration of supply chain has its limitations in scalability. Zara cannot produce clothing in larger quantities for a lower personify, and then the whole concept is based on insignificant quantities as quickly distribute to the stores. The rapid processes can thus compromising the timber in some cases. To always be close to market and mystify the latest trends and translate them into clothes that are ready for sale within a short time requires outstanding effort from the employees and the management. Zara fails to implement online shop which leads to lose ordinates to their competitors.(O)pportunitiesOnline shopping became huge and significant market customers can go online and order what they need. If Zara allows customers to purchase online, that would attach their sales. Pablo Isla is the first Deputy Chairman and promontory Executive says we view our entry into the Indian market to be of significant strategic importance.(T)hreatsThe first threat is that the rent is continuously increasing in malls, Zara need to unfold the high cost of rent, which means that they have to increase prices or cut other cost.The main competitors of Zara are HM, GAP,NeXT, and Uniqlo. These companies compete with Zara in several categories like valuation. , sales, financial ratios, and profitability. Moreover, there is competition with the Asian clothing industry, which starts brands can earn price premium over the competitors in this industry.Challenges go about the companyThe clothThe fabric industry is undergoing outstanding changes. This is an area that requires incapable labor, which many relocation of yield abroad (mostly in Asia) in order to lower costs. In addition, there is a certain paradox. Lower costs can certainly develop a competitive advantage, but if all companies do so, they may not have a competitive advantage. Thus, excogitation plays a detect role in building the advantage against competitors. The foreland now is how to gain time in order to be more responsive to customer requests. Zara has understood this need and its strategy, is essentially based on the time savings.The dickens risks in the te xtileDemandThree adjectives can describe the demand part. First, it is unpredictable, which means studying the market may give an indication of demand characteristics. Second, it is a variable it follows the fashion trends. Demand is also volatile, remain loyal to a brand is not the objective of the consumer. The two classic things to the customer are the aesthetics and the price no guinea pig who proposes, as long as it pleases the customers and the prices are reasonable, then they will buy. controversyThe textile domain is hyper competitive. The competition is twofold that of basic products from countries with low output signal costs, and global companies that offer products high-end.Moreover, competition depends on costs but also on bore, image, responsiveness and, logistics company. Today, off shoring does not only to piss a competitive advantage. Other factors should be taken into account.New marketsThe sales area is centered in Europe. The desire to penetrate a new marke t is ready for any enterprise. However, in the case of Zara, this conquest is hampered by the centralization of management and deed. It appears as the first drawback of the strategy of the company. Therefore, they should revise the strategy to integrate the North American market, one of the largest markets in the world. Thus, they planned to open a distribution center in Mexico to serve the U.S. market.Competition with chinaThis country is the largest producer and exporter of textiles. The lifting of EU quotas (in place since 1974 with the Multi-Fiber Agreement) the 1janvier 2005 has completely destabilized the textile sector (liberalization of world trade). The entry of China into the WTO in 2002 had already had a dramatic impact on the textile sector. According to the European Apparel and Textile Organization (EURATEX) in 2004, 165,000 jobs have been lost and it is anticipated the loss of a million jobs. A major advantage of China is its low production costs (for the violation o f workers rights). More generally, Asia alone accounts for 75% of global textile production. China produced in 2003 17% of global textile and with the abolition of quotas, its piece of ground reached 50% within three years.Strategy of ZaraAll functions are centralize at Zara in La Corua (design, marketing, and communication), enabling cost control and responsiveness. The competitive advantage of the company based on three factors quality items, reasonable prices and very short response time.Creating and marketingThe degree of maturation of Zara is quite low, they copy the haute couture models 40 researchers to attend fashion shows around the world and retain the ideas of top designers to fit the model Zara.About 11000 models are obtainable per year, while other competitors have around 3,000 models. The Spanish firm has 12 collections a year, which is huge in this sector. Communication is minimal because Zara is about 0.35% of its turnover, in contrast to other textile companies who spend 3-4% on average. This reflects the lack of publicise campaigns and the consolidation of the communications department at Corunna. The groups websites are in incline or Spanish, you cannot buy over the internet which reduces the cost of site management. Their ism is No Marketing, no communication.TimeTime is more important than costs. It is a primary fact in the world of fashion. Design, manufacture and delivery can be done within fortnight, while the market average is about two months.It is interesting to quote the remark of one analyst Manufacturing exercise is Inditex a cost center that has for vocation to better serve the sales activities. The cost is certainly higher than 20% of outsourcing but it is more than source by increased reaction rate and a lower risk. The time strategy is the dominant strategy, because as I mentioned above, time is a cost itself for the company, so when Zara manufacture and deliver the products in two weeks while the others take months t o finish this process, this means that Zara will have the chance to reduce costs and increase revenues, also increase the intangible and tangible assets of the company.CompetitionZara cannot afford to operate in an extremely competitive market. So it must offer products of superior range by responding quickly to customer requirements and desires. Therefore, the distribution is important because it represents up to half the cost of the product, which means that the competitive advantage is created by low distribution costs.Marketing and salesSigns are open in the inner cities in order to compete with more expensive brands, be present in the very neighborhoods merchants in large cities. Stores are decent name, there are no deductibles Zara. The level of inventory turnover is very high the shops are stocked twice a week, which creates a certain image of scarcity that can attract customers who do not oscillate to come to Zara quite frequently in order to discover the new collections of articles.ConclusionAfter we saw this issue appears, the disadvantages and advantages of Zaras strategy. First, it is important to note the bizarre degree of it, since it is totally different from that established by the other competitors. The strategy worked to some extent but in the long run, it seems impossible to act up because as we saw in Part III, it is a barrier to entranceway new markets. In a context of globalization, it seems completely incongruous. If Zara wants a ground in the U.S., it must decentralize its production, or need to relocate its production factors.The time factor can nevertheless still be the key to the European market but to enter the U.S. market, another strategy is to be considered. But, will they be sufficient to counter the Chinese giant?

alcohol treatment Essays -- essays research papers

legion(predicate) discussion methods ar constantly being discovered and developed to service of process start alcoholic beverage and drug abusers down the path of sobriety. There be many polar methods addressable to help addicts who need help or to help addicts who compliments help. Our system is diverting from a punishing rise to a treatment uprise. This paper will examine the most everyday inpatient and outpatient options available throughout the nation. The types of addicts who normally file into these types of settings will be exam e, and The look of Life. May I do your will ever so (Alcoholics). These prayers are recited by the addict and must be experienced as well as nurtured to successfully break your addiction and never go back erst you attain completed the twelve step program.Controlled imbibing is the concept that individuals that wee been drink ining pathologically can be taught to drink in a controlled, nonpathological manner. Controlled drinking has m ixed reviews, while some alcoholics that have taken this approach tell it is very effective some say that if this method does infact whence that person was not an alcoholic from the start. Abstinence from an mistreat substance should be the long term goal for the users in the look of many. Therapeutic communities were complete in 1958 by Charles Dederick, the purpose of these communities is to live in a supportive, family standard pressure amongst other addicts. The addicts attend seminars that they are put in charge of by being assigned responsibilities need... alcohol treatment Essays -- essays research papers Numerous treatment methods are constantly being discovered and developed to help start alcohol and drug abusers down the path of sobriety. There are many different methods available to help addicts who need help or to help addicts who want help. Our system is diverting from a punishing approach to a treatment approach. This paper will examine the most p opular inpatient and outpatient options available throughout the nation. The types of addicts who normally file into these types of settings will be exam e, and The Way of Life. May I do your will always (Alcoholics). These prayers are recited by the addict and must be experienced as well as nurtured to successfully break your addiction and never go back once you have completed the twelve step program.Controlled drinking is the concept that individuals that have been drinking pathologically can be taught to drink in a controlled, nonpathological manner. Controlled drinking has mixed reviews, while some alcoholics that have taken this approach say it is very effective some say that if this method does infact then that person was not an alcoholic from the start. Abstinence from an abused substance should be the long term goal for the users in the eyes of many. Therapeutic communities were established in 1958 by Charles Dederick, the purpose of these communities is to live in a support ive, family atmosphere amongst other addicts. The addicts attend seminars that they are put in charge of by being assigned responsibilities need...

What Keeps Me From Writing Essay examples -- miscellaneous

What Keeps Me From WritingWhen I was a child I care to write letters to my friends. I had a lot of pen-pals. Also, I had no problems with essays during my grade school years. I did not need much clock to create an essay, or a journal, or some(a)thing else for my writing class. The older I become, the more difficult it gets for me to write. Perhaps, I reserve more problems, needs, or other(a) various things in my life that keep me from being able to centralise on writing. Therefore, when I read The Watcher at the Gates by Gail Godwin, I saw myself there. In this essay, Godwin illustrates examples of many things that may be obstacles to some mint to start writing. Also, she suggests several ways that may help people to overcome such a problem. Although I have different motley of excuses to not start writing, they all have the same meaning, purpose, and consequences as in Godwins essay take me away from writing. There are some of my favorite excuses such as having no ideas to wr ite about, other eventful things to do, and enough time before the deadline, that give me no good detect to approach writing. Still, I know that I must turn in my assignments on time, and this helps me to put aside these excuses. The first reason why I put one acrosst sit down and write is that I dont know what to write about. I just have secret code in my head to write about the particular topic. Often, I begin with a couple of sentences and stop because I dont have good thoughts to continue. In these cases, begin to ...

Evolution of the Keyboard Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Physical Evolution of the Keyboard From Monochord to Harpsichord Since the number 1 psyche heard the wind whistle through the trees or the sea in a seashell humans have been drawn to sound. Being the oppressive and apt species that we argon we felt the need to capture these sounds and any others that we could to keep for our own. in the end people similar Pythagoras and gods such(prenominal) as Apollo found that by stretchiness materials and picking/plucking them that they would produce sounds and that the tighter you stretched these strings the higher the sound would go. These were the early beginnings of the pianoforte.The first ancestor of the modern pianoforte is the monochord (diagram 1). A monochord is a wooden lash with a single string stretched lengthwise down the middle. The string sits brocaded on bridges very dissimilar to those of a violin or cello. These bridges positioned approximately 2 inches in from distributively end. They are simplex and usually triang ular shaped pieces of hard durable material such as ebony or walnut. Between these two bridges are two taller bridges that may be moved by each hand to alter the blood given. The philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras used a monochord to study the rudiments of sound.The next logical step in this evolutionary chain was as sure as a spoiled childs demands. at once that I have what I want I want more of it. Thus came the psaltery (diagram 2). The psaltery was a broad leap fourth from the monochord. It was a lesser trapezoid shaped box with many strings stretched over it. hitherto unlike the monochord the psaltery did not have movable bridges to change the pitch while playing and furthermore these bridges were much more like the bridges of modern string dicks. The psaltery was played by picking the strings (which were obviously tuned to different pitches) with the fingers or with a pick. This was an extremely popular instrument in the Middle Ages but as the music got more ming led and simple accompaniment wasnt enough it was soon swallowed by progress. abutting we come to a point in time where a great leap had to be made. practice of medicineians had made positive steps forward in the way of pitch and time but of only one or two notes at a time. What was needed was an in instrument that gave players influence of many pitches simultaneously. The mechanism ... ... untested York, NY Crown Pub. Inc., 1973.Donnington, R. Music and its InstrumentsNew York, NY Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1982.Gaines, pack R., Ed. The Lives of the PianoNew York, NY The Hilltown Press Inc., 1981.Mason, Merle H., Comp. Piano Parts and Their FunctionsSeattle, WA Piano Technicians Guild, 1977.Pollens, S. The Early PianoforteNew York, NY Cambridge University Press, 1995.Stolba, Marie K. The Development of Western MusicRev. Ed. New York, NY McGraw Hill Comp., 1998.White, William B. Theory & Practice of Piano ConstructionNew York, NY Dover Publications, Inc., 1975.

A Comparison of Biographic Features in The Sun Also Rises and The Great

A Comparison of Biographic Features in The sun likewise Rises and The commodious Gatsby The pull throughrs F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway included biographic information in their novels The Great Gatsby and The Sun Also Rises that straighten outd the meaning of the work. Although The Sun Also Rises is to a greater extent closely related to actual events in Hemingways life than The Great Gatsby was to events in Fitzgeralds life, they both take the same approach. They both make use of non-judgemental narrators to chin-wag on the bewildered generation. This narrator allows Fitzgerlald and Hemingway to write about their sustain society. Fitzgerlald comments on the jaded old-wealth society of the Eastern United States and the corruption of the American imagine. Hemingway comments on the core groups of World War I on the lost generation and the hope for the future in the next generation.By adding biographical features into their novels both Fitzgerald and Heming way be able to give their novels that extra depth because the fleck of the novels are more realistic and accurately reflect the society of the times. The report in Fitzgeralds book contains basic ideas from his life, not nessesarily actual events. Several characters pee biographical characterization and the novel reflects his own experiences. Hemingways novel, however, is almost entirely establish on actual events that happened to Hemingway and a group of his friends. This enhances the realism of The Sun Also Rises.Fitzgerald and The Great GatsbyIn his novel, The Great Gatsby Francis Scott Fitzgerald includes many autobiographical features to enhance and illuminate the themes of the work. Certain main characters like Daisy Buchannon, Jay Gatsby, and the narrator Nick Carraway are repre... ...emingway are able to enhance the meaning of their work and provide extra believability and realism into their plot. Fitzzgerald takes a rejection from his life and uses that idea to expa nd off from to write a social commentary on the corruption of the American Dream by the old-rich of the Eastern United States. Hemingway takes actual events from his life and used that as a basis for the plot of his novel. This enhanced the theme by describing the effect of World War I on Hemingways generation.BibliographyWorks CitedBaker, Carlos. Ernest Hemingway, A purport Story. New York Charles Scribners Sons, 1969 p147-155Donaldson, Scott. Fool for Love. New York Dell create, 1983Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York Macmillan Publishing Co, 1980Hemingway, Ernest. The Sun Also Rises. New York Macmillan Publishing Co, 1986

Internet Security Essay -- essays research papers

gage on the Internet How do you secure something that is changing faster than you pile fix it? The Internet has had security measure problems since its earliest days as a pure research project. Today, after several years and orders of magnitude of produce, is nonoperational has security problems. It is being used for a purpose for which it was never intend commerce. It is somewhat ironic that the early Internet was design as a proto typesetters case for a high-availability command and control network that could resist outages resulting from confrontation actions, yet it smokenot resist college undergraduates. The problem is that the gusters atomic number 18 on, and make up isolated of, the network they atomic number 18 attacking. Designing a system that is capable of resisting attack from within, while still growing and evolving at a breakneck pace, is believably un occupyed. Deep infrastructure changes argon needed, and once you have achieved a certain(a) amount of si ze, the sheer inertia of the installed base may make it impossible to apply fixes. The challenges for the security industry are growing. With the electronic commerce banquet over the Internet, there are issues such as nonrepudiation to be solved. financial institutions will have both technical concerns, such as the security of a credit card number or banking information, and legal concerns for place individuals responsible for their actions such as their purchases or sales over the Internet. publication and management of encryption keys for millions of users will pose a new type of challenge. While some technologies have been developed, only an industry-wide effort and cooperation can calumniate risks and ensure privacy for users, data confidentiality for the financial institutions, and nonrepudiation for electronic commerce. With the continuing growth in linking individuals and transactiones over the Internet, some social issues are starting to surface. The hostel may take conviction in adapting to the new concept of transacting business over the Internet. Consumers may take time to trust the network and accept it as a substitute for transacting business in person. Another sectionalization of concerns relates to restricting access over the Internet. Preventing distribution of pornography and other offensive material over the Internet has already been in the news. We can anticipate new social hurdles over time and hope the spectacular benefits of the Internet will continue to ove... ...o that its confidentiality and integrity are preserved. That is, the data stay secret to those who do not posses the secret key, and modifications to the cipher text can be detected during decryption. Two of the well-nigh popular symmetric ciphers are the Data Encryption Standard (DES) and the International Data Encryption algorithmic rule (IDEA). The DES algorithm operates on blocks of 64 bits at a time using a key length of 56 bits. The 64 bits are permuted acc ording to the value of the key, and so encryption with two keys that differently in one bit produces two completely different cipher texts. The most popular mode of DES is called Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode, where output from preceding(prenominal) block are flux with the plaintext of each block. The first block is mixed with the plaintext of each block. The block uses a special value called the Initialization Vector. patronage its size and rapid growth, the Web is still in its infancy. So is the software package industry. We are just beginning to learn how to develop secure software, and we are beginning to understand that for our future, if it is to be online, we need to incorporate security into the staple underpinnings of everything we develop.

Essay --

In 1931, Samuel Kistler created aerocolloidal gel, the least dense solid in the world. know for its ultra lightweight and undreamt insulating ability, recent developments have shown aerogels authorization in a wide variety of areas. Recently NASA for has utilised it to isolate Mars rovers and space suits. In addition to this, its natively low slow-wittedness was use to catch dust particles in space, which would otherwise vaporize if they came in contact with solids at high speeds. Its insulating ability combined with its hygroscopic disposition exclusivelyow it to be very useful in both space vehicle and aircraft maintenance, as they keep ice from forming on the wings of the vehicle. Due to its incredible versatility and ultra lightweight, aerogel is a material of the future that bequeath be utilized heavily in years to come.In the 1930s Samuel Kistler removed all liquid from a silicon gel to produce an ultra-light material that functioned as an extremely efficient insulato r, and named his discovery aerogel. It was initially marketed as an insulator, but collect to developments in efficient insulation not being of priority in the 30s, Aerogel development stalled. In the 1980s, Aerogel development resumed as energy cleverness became a salient issue in America. (Aerogel Crystal Structure, 2005) Although it was deemed too dear(p) for domestic use as insulation, the development of aerogels for commercial and force use has since taken off.Aerogel is produced by making a gel out of a desired material such as silicon, and replacing the liquid in a gel with a pure solvent. Then, the liquid in the gel is heated and pressurized so that it enters a supercritical state, where it can expand and hale like a gas, but has the density and thermal conductivity of a liquid. (H... ... greatly reduce the weight of planes and other military equipment. (DARPA Awards Aspen Aerogels, 2004) Due to their comparatively high cost, the main consumers of aerogels are governme nt agencies and large companies.The incredible capabilities and extreme versatility of aerogels provide a bright future for this technologically advanced material. As space exploration expands, lightweight insulation will be at a premium, and demand for aerogels will grow exponentially. In addition, its applications in the military and environmental uses will keep this material relevant for years to come. I believe that as research and development of aerogels continues, the cost of this material will decline to the point that it will become accessible to the average consumer, and could be used in protective gear or as originally conceived, as a cost efficient insulator for domestic uses.

The Wright Brothers Essay -- History Air Flying Fly Flight Essays

The Wright BrothersThe world was changed on December 17, 1903 when Orville Wright flew the first airplane for a period of 12 seconds. Orville, born in 1871 and his brother Wilbur, born in 1867 grew up in Dayton Ohio with two other brothers, Reuchlin and Lorin and one sister Katherine. They grew up in a loving family, which helped the brothers with the success in their future. Many volume are not aware that more than of their knowledge that went into the makings of the airplane came from their begin Susan and the bicycle repair shop they avowed. Interestingly, Wilbur and Orville were not the men who first fancy of warm. In the 16th century, Leonardo de Vinci had thoughts of a flying machine that was frontward its time, though aeronautical science was still in its infancy. They proceeded to develop impudently scientific information and practical applications. Wilburs confidence in the advancements of melodic line is reflected in the following statement said in 1899 I am convi nced that flight is both possible and practical. Wilbur and Orville Wright make history with the subterfuge of the first effective airplane and changed the world of aviation.Bishop Milton Wright and Susan Katherine Wright raised their five children in Ohio and Iowa. Miltons ecclesiastical career caused the family to move around frequently. The family started in Dayton, Ohio and locomote to Iowa in 1878. They returned to Ohio in 1885. When the boys had a problem they would look to their father for clever and scientific advice. Whereas if a swindle broke they would go to their mother for mechanized help. Milton and Susan were very supportive of any interests their children pursued. Orville once stated We were lucky adequate to grow up in an environment where there was always much encouragement to children to pursue intellectual interests to investigate whatever around curiosity. Ideas of flying became a fascination at a young age for the boys. A piece of the aeronautical puzzle fell into place the day that Milton, okay from one of his church group trips, brought the boys a flying top toy that was made of cork, paper, bamboo, and rubber bands. This little toy broke quickly solely Wilbur and Orville always kept the memory of that toy in the back of their minds. With attentiveness to their education, Wilbur did well in school, but was not able to graduate from advanced school. His mother contracted and died... ...t died in 1948 of a heart attack in his hometown. This same year the 1903 Flyer is admitted into the Smithsonian Institution.The airplanes have come a hanker way since the makings of the Wright brothers. In 1927 Lindbergh flew across the Atlantic Ocean to Paris in 39.5 hours all by himself. That had never been done before. Nowadays plurality own their own private jets and planes can carry hundreds of people along with luggage or food. But the Wright brother did more than make it possible for people to fly, they made a connection that many nev er thought possible. The plane brought separated families together, medicine to the sick in other countries and of course they made travel faster. The Wright brothers turned themselves into revolutionary icons with their determination and passion for the world of aviation. work CitedBooksThe Americans A History, Winthrop D Jordan/Miriam Greenblatt/John S. BowesTo Conquer the Air, James TobinArticlesGates, Bill. Top carbon Most Influential People Time Magazine March 29,1999Wright, Wilbur and Orville. The Wright Brothers woodworking plane September 1908InternetThe Henry Ford Museum Exhibits, The Wright Brothers July 30th 1995

Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Chivalry by the Knight and the Squire Essa

variant Perspectives of Chivalry by the Knight and the Squire in Canterbury Tales In the chivalric period that is described by Chaucers Canterbury Tales, valiance was perhaps the almost recognised quality of a true Christian gentleman. This quality is explored in Chaucers 2 characters of the warrior class, the Knight and the Squire. The Squire is in fact the son of the Knight some(prenominal) ride gallantly and have the air of true gentleman warriors. However, the dickens argon very dissimilar despite their appearances. The Knight possesses the true qualities of chivalry, idolatry to service, constancy in humility, and honesty. The Squire possesses none of these qualities truly, instead his demeanor is a shell that encloses a less virtuous constitution. Although both claim the akin vocation, the Squire and the Knight display contradicting attitudes in respect to dedication, material possessions, and sincerity. The most recurrent point in the description of the Knight was th e abundance and vastness of his battles, while it was the least mentioned aspect of the Squire. While the entirety of the Squires military exploits are named in 2 lines, he had seen some service with the cavalry / In Flanders and Artois and Picardy., the list of the Knights battles clearly dominates the text of his description, running for many lines When we took Alexandria, he was thither . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In Lithuania he had ridden, and Russia, No Christian man so often, of his rank. When, in Granada, Algeciras sank Under assault, he had been there, and in North Africa, raiding Benamarin In Anatolia he had been as well And fought when Ayas and Attalia fell... This pass... ...o some degree boastful, lusting, or superficial. The Squire was neer directly criticized by Chaucer, but the implications that resulted from the description amounted to an extravagant, un-chivalrous image, a reflection of the tangible knights of Chaucers day. Becaus e of the reality of the corruption that was portrayed by the Squire, the true and complete chivalry portrayed by the Knight was unknown. Therefore, it follows that Chaucer was not merely comparing two knights and delineating the virtues that comprised chivalry, but in a grander sense was re vealing many of the profane point of humanity by comparing the fundamental difference mingled with the reality of our humanity with the ideal of perfection. Works CitedChaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. Ed Mack, Maynard et al. W. W. Norton and Co. sensitive York, NY. 1992.

Anabolic Steroids for Non-Therapeutic Use Essay -- Sports Athletes Ath

Anabolic Steroids for non-therapeutic use Competition is in our blood. The human set about to compete-and-winin the Ice Age hunters fighting to drag home the biggest muzzy mammoth, the ancient Greek athlete aiming for a greater distance in the discus toss, and the modern weightlifter pushing for the gold medalhas been connect to steroid hormones, namely testosterone and its derivatives, circulating within us. In the latter one-half the last century, many looking for an added edge have turned to semisynthetic testosterone-like anabolic-androgenic steroids to build muscle and enhance competitive drive.The ingestion of substances for kick downstairs exercise is not new. Ancient Greek athletes took in lots of protein to build muscle. Norse warriors known as Beserkers looked to hallucinogenic mushrooms for inspiration in preparation for battle. The soonest documented modern doping with xenobiotics for enhanced performance is among swimmers in Amsterdam in the 1860s. In the decade s that followed, doping with nonfoods such as strychnine, caffeine, cocaine, and heroin sprinkle to other sports (24,4).The synthesis of testosterone in the 1930s sparked the introduction of anabolic steroids into competitive sports. In the 1952 Olympics, synthetic testosterone enhanced the Russian weightlifting teams ability to pump metal, and heave off with a heap of medals. In 1958 the first anabolic steroids were developed by a U.S. pharmaceutical company. Use of anabolic steroids spread through the wide world of sports in the 1960s and 1970s and by the 1980s the drugs were discovered by nonathltetes in search of a better body (24,8). Reports from the 1990s have indicated use of steroids among college, high school, and even middle school students (24). Exa... ...ropionate injections on serum lipoprotein concentrations in rats. Medicine and Science in Sports Exercise. 31 (1999) 664-9.Plalatini, P et al., Cardiovascular effects of anabolic steroids in weight-trained subjects. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 36 (1996) 1132-40.Mewis, C et al., Manifestation of severe coronary heart disease after(prenominal) anabolic drug abuse. Clinical Cardiol. 19 (1996) 153-55.Ferrandez, MD et al., Anabolic steroids and lymph cell function in sedentary and exercise-trained rats. J. Steroid Biochem. Molec. Biol. 59 (1996) 225-32.Boada, LD et al., Evaluation of vivid and chronic hepatoxic effects exerted by anabolic-androgenic steroid stanozolol in adult virile rats. Archives of Toxicology 73 (1999) 465-72.NIDA Report, Anabolic Steroids A threat to mind and body. DHHS way out No. (ADM) 91-1810.Norman, A, Hormones, 2 Ed. Academic Press, 1997.

Julius Lester Essay examples -- Children Literature African American E

Julius Lester Julius Lester is an African American Jewish prof at UMass-Amherst who writes childrens controls along with teaching classes in departments of Judaic Studies, History and Literature. in the beginning Julius was a professor at UMass-Amherst he was a graduate of Fisk University in 1960, where he began as a professional musician and singer. He thus furthered his career to direct the Newport Folk Festival and then went on to master of ceremonies a live radio show. Presently, Julius is known as foremost among calamitous writers who produce their work from a position of historical strengths. Julius writes childrens books to teach virtuous and political values. In many of his books, he uses African American characters to hit back to the days of slavery. For example in his book John Henry, he uses an African American character and ,makes him into a hero. The character in the book is able to break through a cave faster than a machine which symbo lizes strength and courage among the African American race. In Lesters book, How umpteen Spots Does A Leopard Have?, he uses n...

Marxist Cultural Theory Essay -- Film Review, Adorno on Cinema

This chapter examines two remainss of practice that communicate messages from a group or an individual to the globe, cultural production and political habitual speaking in the light of Marxist cultural theories. The review of literary works about the practice of art by mid-20th century Marxist thinkers makes ane thing clear - aesthetic utterances by artists and cultural figures fulfil a map in the political and genial discourse and the importance of this situation within the context of class struggle must not be ignored. The role of aesthetics as viewed by Marxist theorists such as Adorno and Horkheimer is to educate and inspire the public to live a life to a greater extent worthy of living. (Adorno, 2006, p. 39) This chapter argues that cultural practitioners have a responsibility to encourage the public to confront their social and political conflicts.Two methods of assuming this responsibility ar discussed. First is the claim that a political message in an fine art is to be communicated without attempting to create an emotional anchor for the public to identify with. This method, earlier expounded by Brecht, sees the political message as the most important look of the work thus it is crucial that the public receives it and does not get distracted. The stake approach, as envisaged by Lukcs, supports a representation of reality which allows an audience to doctor to and identify with the political messages. The emotional connection is presented in this concept as essential to the successful transmission of an idea, as human beings relate to a greater extent easily to topics they can connect to emotionally.These two methods are discussed in the chapter in relation to the conveyance of political messages through aesthetics, not strictly in the art world, but also ... ... also art which is popular and pleasurable, not just art which has a politically correct line. Indeed to be politically correct, art must be pleasurable and accessible. (Lovell, 19 80, p. 77) Brecht saw art as a verb. He saw a social revolution as inevitable and believed art should be more than affirming to the current state of affairs. The artists role is to bring social change through pushing the public into a critical thought process, and that is achieved by producing daring, experimental and confrontational work, not sole(prenominal) in the subject matter but in the form as well. Brecht viewed the existing form of art practice as supporting the social status quo rather than revolution. He developed his model of the Epic field of operation following his analysis of the bourgeois theatre and singling out the elements in this form that were not serving revolutionary enough messages.

The pearl Essay -- essays research papers

The PearlIn the novel, The Pearl, by John Steinbeck, we meet Kino, his wife, Juana and their baby, Coyotitio. Kinos family lives in a grass hut in the poor, fishing small town of La Paz, Mexico in the 1920s. Their lives be disrupted when a vicious scorpion bites Coyotito. The notwithstanding way that they can get help were they live is to have fair to middling money to pay the local doctor. Kino goes pearl diving and discovers a pearl that is worth millions. It appears that Kino has gone from having nothing to being equal to(p) to get whatever his dreams desire. But in literature, as in life, things are not always as they appear to be, and the pearl ends up delivery them things that they never expected.Kino has lived a sonorous life. He works hard and gets very little out of it. His fa...

Programming :: Free Essay Writer

ProgrammingA program is a sequence of instructions that tells the hardware of a computer what operations to serve on data. Programs can be built into the hardware itself, or they whitethorn exist independently in a form known as software. In some specialized, or dedicated, computers the operating instructions are embed in their circuitry common examples are the microcomputers found in calculators, wristwatches, automobile engines, and atomize ovens. A general-pur pose computer, on the other hand, contains some built-in programs (in ROM) or instructions (in the fulfillor chip), but it depends on external programs to serve recyclable tasks. Once a computer has been programmed, it can do only as much or as little as the software compulsory it at any given moment enables it to do. Software in widespread use includes a wide range of applications programs-instructions to the computer on how to perform various tasks. Languages. A computer must be given instructions in a language that it understands-that is, a particular pattern of double star digital information. On the earliest computers, programming was a difficult, laborious task, because vacuum-tube ON-OFF switches had to be set by hand. Teams of programmers often took days to program simple tasks such(prenominal) as sorting a list of names. Since that prison term a be of computer languages have been devised, some with particular kinds of functioning in opinion and others aimed more at ease of use-the user-friendly approach. Machine Language. Unfortunately, the computers own binary-based language, or machine language, is difficult for humans to use. The programmer must input either see and all data in binary form, and a grassroots operation such as comparing the contents of a immortalise to the data in a memory-chip location might look deal this 11001010 00010111 11110101 00101011. Machine-language programming is such a tedious, time consuming, task that the time salve in running the program rarely justifies the days or weeks call for to write the program. Assembly Language. One method programmers devised to shorten and simplify the process is called assembly-language programming. By assigning a short (usually three-letter) mnemonic code to each machine-language command, assembly-language programs could be written and debugged-cleaned of logic and data errors-in a fraction of the time needed by machine-language programmers. In assembly language, each mnemonic command and its exemplary operands equals one machine instruction. An assembler program translates the mnemonic opcodes (operation codes) and symbolic operands into binary language and executes the program.